ABSTRACT
This research entitled “Nazarin Hausar Kan Titi” studies the varieties of Hausa spoken by different groups of Hausa people in their daily activities. Street language or Slang is just an euphemism (kinaya) used to describe a language or a dialect used in the cause of communication by socio-lect with the intention of hiding some vital information, deceiving or to carry away the minds of those who do not belong to their folks, so that the meaning will be distorted and can only be understood by them or those explained to. Socio-lect in Hausa contributed immensely in enriching the language as a result of borrowing or coining of new words and meaning from old ones. The research, studies the kind of language expression or words and phrases they use in communication which are informal. The groups studied are the transit that include bus drivers, conductors and motor cycle riders. The drinkers or intoxicators are not left out in the study, those who take alcohol, hard drugs that consist of Indian hemp, solution, hard drugs and codeine syrup are among the groups studied. The work discover that syntactically the sentences they used have no Noun Phrase (NP), its normally Verbal Phrase (VP) and the Verbal Grade they normally used are grade 1, 2, 4 and 6 and they also they used simple sentence.
TSAKURE
Hausar kan Titi, kinaya ce da aka yi amfani da kalmar titi don bayyana wani nau‟i na Hausa da ake amfani da shi da manufar bayyana karin harshen rukuni da wasu mutane ke yi don sadarwa. Ana iya samun wannan nau‟i na Hausa a ko‟ina, ba fa ana nufin Hausar mutanen banza ne ba. Akan yi wannan nau‟i na Hausa ne da niyyar voye wani ko wasu muhimman saqwanni da suka danganci harkokin rayuwarsu na yau da kullum, don a vad da bami ko a cuci ko a yaudari mutum wanda wannan rukuni na mutane ko majiya harshe xaya ke yi; ta yadda sai xan hannu ne kawai kan gane ko ya fahimci ma‟anar abin da ake faxa ko ake nufi. Wannan nau‟i na Hausa da rukunin Hausawa ke yi na taimakawa wajen bunqasa harshen Hausa, hakan ya haifar da sabbin ma‟anoni daga tsofaffin da aka sani da kuma qirqirar wasu sababbin kalmomi a harshen. Binciken ya nazarci wannan nau‟i na Hausa ne domin nuna yadda Hausar yau da kullum ta haifar da qirqira da aro da ke xauke da kinaya a karin harshen da ya kevanta da rukunin masu motocin haya da „Yan babura, wato „Yan a-cava da kuma mashaya. Mashayan da aka nazarci Hausarsu su ne: „Yan giya da „Yan wiwi da „Yan qwaya da „Yan shava da kuma „Yan kodin ko zumar kemis. Binciken ya gano cewa jimlolin da suke amfani da su a lokacin sadarwa sauqaqa ne domin zubi da tsarin mafi yawan su ba su da yankin suna sai yankin aiki kawai. Sannan ta vangaren azuzuwan kalmomin nahawu sun fi amfani da wakilin suna da aikatau da kuma bayanau, duk da yake a kan sami sauran azuzuwan kalmomin Hausa na nahawu kuma sun fi amfani da aikatau „Yan aji 1 da 2 da 4 da kuma aji 6. Harshen Hausa na bunqasa sakamakon qirqira da aro da fassarar sababbin kalmomi da ma jimloli da ake samu, kuma ma‟anarsu ta kevanta ne da wuri ko yanayin da ake ciki a lokacin sadarwar.
Babi na Xaya:
Gabatarwa
1.1 Shimfixa
Al‟ummar Hausawa al‟umma ce daxaxxiya wadda ta kasance da harshenta wanda take gudanar da harkokinta na sadarwa tsakaninta da wasu al‟ummomin da ba Hausawa ba. Harshen Hausa kamar kowane harshe a duniya na da kari wanda kowane rukuni na Hausawa suke amfani da shi. Wannan ya nuna cewa harshe muhimmin abu ne wajen tsara rayuwar kowace al‟umma. Wannan ya sa wani masani ya bayyana ra‟ayinsa kamar haka:
“ Harshe wani muhimmin abu ne dake taka rawa ga rayuwar xan Adam, misali asali ma shi ne maqunshin tunanin xan Adam. Shi ya sa kowace al‟umma, komin qanqantarta, komin lalacewarta, komin rashin wayewarta, tana da harshen da take amfani da shi a rayuwarta ta yau-da-kullum” (Muhammad 2006:2).
Kamar yadda ya zo a faxar wasu masana:
“Harshen kowace al‟umma yana bunqasa yana tumbatsa yana kuma havaka sanadiyyar cinikayya da auratayya da qaurace-qaurace, ya Allah ta fuskar yaqe-yaqe ko ta neman mafaka ko faxaxa qasa ko neman ilimi ko kuma fantsama a birane da zimmar neman aiki wanda hakan kan jawo qaruwar masu magana da harshen musamman ma idan ya kasance al‟ummar da aka tarar masu magana da wani harshe ne na daban. Hakan na iya haifar da wani nau‟in Karin harshe ko haxakar harshe ko kuma samar da wani nau‟in harshe na daban”
( Zarruq da Al-Hassan 1986:12)
Akwai kare-karen harshe a Hausa iri biyu. Karin harshen yanki da karin harshen rukuni. Karin
harshen yanki ya qunshi karin harshen da ake samu a tsakanin garuruwan Hausa, kamar Kananci
da Zazzaganci da Katsinanci da Dauranci da Bausanci da dai sauransu. Karin harshen rukuni
kuwa karin harshe ne da ya kevanta ga rukunan Hausawa masu gudanar da harkokin rayuwa
daban-daban. Kamar yadda Muhammad (2006:2) yake cewa:
“Bayan masu sana‟ar sadarwa ma, ai kusan kowace sana‟a da ka sani a duniyar nan tana da irin tata
gudunmuwar da take iya bayarwa ga harshe, don kuwa ita ce take samar da irin Hausarta ta musamman wadda takan yaxu ta zama mallakar kowane mai amfani da harshen, sana‟arnan ta gargajiya ce kamar qira ko saqa ko dai ta zamani irin su kanikanci. Hasali ma dai, duk mai amfani da harshe yana da irin gudunmuwar da yake bayarwa wajen raya harshen, don kuwa ko kare ma da ranarsa”
Wani muhimmin abu da ya kamata a yi la‟akari da shi dangane da karin harshen Hausar rukuni
shi ne tushensa da bazuwarsa da kuma bunqasarsa duk na nahiya ne, wato dai karin harshen
rukuni da bazar na nahiya yake rawa. Kuma bayanan duk ya ta‟allaqa ne a kan wannan vangare
don kuwa duk abin da za a yi tsokaci sun shafi halin zamantakewar wasu mutane ne masu sarrafa
harshe iri guda a tsakaninsu. Harshen Hausa na biya wa Hausawa buqatocinsu na sadarwa, kamar
yadda Amfani (2011:2) ya bayyana:
“Harshen Hausa harshe ne daxaxxe, kammalalle kuma yalwatacce wanda yake biya wa Hausawa buqatarsu ta sadarwa da sauran vuqatoci na yau da kullum. Harshen Hausa harshe ne isasshe wanda kuma babu irin nazarin da masana ba su yi ba a kansa. Harshen Hausa harshe ne mai farin jini wanda a yau akwai mutane fiye da miliyan ashirin waxanda suka iya shi, kuma suna amfani da shi. Harshen Hausa fitaccen harshe ne domin kuwa ya watsu a duniya, kuma babu nahiyar da ba a san Hausa ba”
Harshe shi ne magana ko furuci wanda ya bambanta mutum da dabba. Da harshe ake yin
sadarwa da shi kuma ake qulla dangantaka ko abota tsakanin mutane, irin harshen da mutum
yake amfani da shi a yanayin magana na nuna irin yanayin rayuwar mutum da asalinsa da
jinsinsa da shekarunsa da ma sana‟arsa. Harshe muhimmin abu ne domin da shi ake gudanar da
harkokin da suka shafi al‟ada da tattalin arziki da siyasa da ilimi da kuma addini. Wannan ya
haifar da samun rukuni na masu sana‟a.
Rufa‟i (1979) “harshe shi ne tunanin xan Adam wanda ake bayyanawa da baki ko da rubutu.
Harshe wani tsari ne na furuci wanda xan Adam yake amfani da shi domin sadarwa tsakaninsa da
wani xan Adam”.
Galadanci (1980:331) “ Harshe shi ne dillalin zuci mai bayyana abin da zuciya take so ko take
qi. Irin abubuwan da harshe yakan bayyana a sarari don a fahimci mutum, shi ake kira magana
ko zance”.
Fagge, (2002) ya ce:
“harshe wata hanyar sadarwa ce da xan Adam yake amfani da sauti mai ma‟ana wanda kuma yake bin wasu dokoki. Ya ce ta hakan ne kowacce al‟umma da ke zaune a doron qasa take sadarwa kuma ta fahimci abubuwan da ke qunshe a zukatan jama‟a kamar tunani da ra‟ayi da hikima da sha‟awa da dai sauransu”
Yakasai, (2012:47) ya ce:
“harshe shi ne hanyar furta ma‟anoni da tunane-tunanen da suke ran xan-Adam. wato dai ita ce hanyar sadarwa tsakanin mutane. Ita wannan hanya kuma ba ganinta ake yi ba, jin ta ake yi kawai, wato hanyar sadarwa ta xan-Adam (harshe) saututtuka ne masu ma‟ana da ake furta su, kunnen mai sauraro ya ji, kana basirarsa ta kama, ta fahimta domin amfaninsa”.
Tun da mun ji harshe yanzun za mu ji abin da masana da manazarta suke cewa a kan
Hausa da Hausawa.
Adamu, (1977) Hausa suna ne na harshe kuma masu wannan harshe ake kira Hausawa.
Amfani (2011:2) Hausa harshe ne, kuma Hausa tana xaya daga cikin harsunan xan Adam waxanda ake samu a nahiyar Afirka.
Skinner (1968:253-257) ya bayyana Hausa a matsayin harshe wanda al‟ummar da ake kira Hausawa ke amfani da shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa. Haka kuma ya yi waiwayen asalin kalmar ta Hausa da yadda ake kallon kalmar, misali Hausa na nufin qasar Gobir ko Have ko Gambari.
Hausar kan Titi kinaya ce da aka yi wa kalmar titi da ke nuni da wani nau‟i na Hausa da ake samu a tsakanin rukunin Hausawa masu gudanar da harkokin rayuwarsu na yau da kullum a kan titi ko ba a kan titi ba. Irin wannan Hausar ta masu sana‟o‟i da masu aikata laifi ko shaye-shaye ana yin ta a ko‟ina, abin nufi a kan titi ko a kasuwa ko a mashaya ko a makaranta ko a fada, kai har ma a masallaci a wasu lokuta, a kan sami irin wannan nau‟i na Hausa. Abin lura da wannan nau‟i na Hausa shi ne batu ne na muhalli da kuma manufar sadarwa, ba batu ne na rashin xa‟a da rashin kunya da rashin sanin yakamata ba. Karin harshe ne da ake yi a lokacin sadarwa don cimma burin sadarwa ta hanyar aro da qirqira na kalmomi da ma jimloli da kan voye ko saye ko sakaya maganar ta xauki wata ma‟ana wadda ba ita ce a sarari ko a zahiri ba, amma tana da wata ma‟ana daban da ake nufi.
Hausar Kan Titi nau‟i ce da wasu rukunin Hausawa kan yi amfani da karin harshen Hausa don sadarwa. Kamar yadda Babanzara (2006) ya bayyana karin harshen rukuni a matsayin zaurance. Xantumbishi (2003 da 2011 ) karin harshen rukuni a matsayin sara. Wurma (2002) ya yi
magana a kan faxaxa ma‟ana ko taqaita ma‟ana, inda ya bayyana shi a matsayin wani fanni mai nuna cigaban harshe.
Ke nan, Hausar Kan Titi kinaya ce da ke bayyana wani nau‟i na Hausa da ake amfani da karin harshen rukuni da wasu Hausawa ke yi don sadarwa da niyyar saye ko voye wani ko wasu muhimman saqwanni da suka danganci harkokin rayuwarsu na yau da kullum, ta hanyar sana‟a ko ta hanyar aikata laifi ko abin assha . Ana yin wannan karin harshe ne don a vad da bami, ko a cuci ko a yaudari mutum wanda wannan rukuni na mutane ko majiya harshe xaya suke yi ta yadda sai xan hannu kawai kan gane, ko ya fahimci ma‟anar abin da aka faxa ko ake nufi. Wannan nau‟i na Hausa kan tafi da zamani domin kuwa yawancin kalmomin na samuwa ne daga tsofaffin da aka sani da, da kuma waxanda ake amfani da su a yau duk da yake ma‟anar da ake nufi daban da ma‟anar da aka saba. Watau, ma‟anar da ake nufi na tasowa ne daga waxannan kalmomi sai a samar ko a qirqiri sabuwar ma‟ana. Saboda haka Hausar kan titi ba a na nufin nau‟in Hausar mutanen banza ba ne, a‟a abin nufi da haka shi ne Hausar da ba a saba yi yau da kullum ba, musamman a tsararren muhalli kamar makaranta; kuma ba kowa ne kan fahimci ma‟anar da ake nufi ba.
An tsara wannan aiki babi-babi har biyar. Babi na xaya na da taken gabatarwa. Babi na biyu waiwayen ayyukan da suka gabata. Babi na uku ke xauke da Mutanen kan Titi da sana‟o‟insu. Babi na huxu na da taken sigogin Hausar kan Titi, sai babi na biyar na da kammalawa.
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