TSAKURE
Habarcen tatsuniya a matsayin hanyar nazari, wacce aka yi amfani da ita wajen kwankwance tatsuniyoyin al‟ummomin da ita. Al‟ummar Hausawa suna da nau‟o‟in habarcen tatsuniyoyi da dama, wa]anda suka ha]a da labari da tarihih da hikaya da almara da sauransu. Nazarin ya yi amfani da ra‟in kwatantan adabi wanda ake amfani da shi wajen kwatanta adabin al‟ummomi wa]anda ake ganin suna da wata dangantaka ko kuma wasu kamanni a wasu ~angarori na adabi ko al‟adu domin a tabbatar da ala}arsu. An kwatanta tatsuniyoyin al‟ummomin Hausa a ~angaren arewacin Nijeriya da kuma Jumhuriyar Nijer. Bincike ya kwatanta yanayin tatsuniyoyin da jigo da salo da kuma adon harshen ta hanya kwatanci. Nazarin ya gano abubuwa masu kama da juna da kuma wa]anda suka bambanta da juna a duka tatsuniyoyin al‟ummomin biyu. Misali idan aka yi la‟akari da jigo a tsarin sarautar gargajiya, musamman dangantakar sarki da talaka sun bambanta. Haka kuma a ~angaren taurari al‟ummomin suna da ala}a da juna ta fuskar tauraro gizo da matarsa }o}i, da kuma ala]ar sarkin agadas da ]ansa yarima, ana iya fahimtar haka a ta fuskar raurari kamar gizo da sauransu. Har ila yau, a zubin labari kuma a inda aka rasa sulmoyiwar labara a habarcen tatsuniyar Jumhuriyar Nijer. Wannan bambanci da kuma kamanni ya faru ne kamar yadda binciken ya gano suna da ala}a da muhalli da tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da kuma tasirin Turawan mulkin mallaka.
ABSTRACT
Narratology as an areas of study attempts a critical analysis of narratives of a given society. Hausa as a community has different traditional narratives, such as tales, legends, fables, and marchen etc. This research attempts a comparative study of Hausa folktales of Northern Nigeria and Niger Republic. In doing so, the study uses the Comparative theory which under scores the combined study of similar literary works which stresses the points of connection between literary products of two or more cultures. It also traces the mutual relationship between two or more internationally and lingustically different literatures or texts. The forms, narrative patterns, themes, plots, characters, characterizations, styles and the use of figurative language of these two Hausa literary cultures were analysed by way of comparison. The research discovers several similarities as well as disparities across the narrative features of the two communities. For instance, the theme of traditional political institutions can be cited as a clear example whereby the position of the subject-ruler relationship varies. In terms of characters however, the two varied communities share common characters such as Gizo and his wife {o}i, and that of the king and his son as well as the courtiers. But the dissimilarities were in the roles played by some characters like Gizo. Again, in the structure of the narratives, the anti-climax is missing in the Niger version of the tale. These disparities, according to the findings of this research, are attributed to enviromental, economic, socio-cultural as well as imperial activities of the colonial masters in the two literary communities.
BABI NA FARKO
SHIMFI[A
1.1 Gabatarwa:
Adabi matsokaci ne na rayuwar al‟umma, wanda yake iya sauyawa dangane da zamani ko yanayi a harkokin rayuwa. Saboda haka masana irin su Meye (2006) na kallon adabi da cewa, hanya ce wadda ake iya fahimtar yadda kowace al‟umma take gudanar da al‟amuran rayuwarta na yau da kullum. Sannan kuma al‟amuran rayuwar suna sauyawa a sakamakon sauyawar rayuwar al‟umma, ko kuma cu]anyarsu da wasu ba}in al‟adu abubuwan da suke ]auke da su, sa~anin nasu na gargajiya, ga shi kuma dole a yi da su. Arthur (2006) da Nicholas (2009) da Yamada (2014) suna kallon adabi ne, a matsayin wani yanayi da ake iya kallon yadda wata al‟umma take dangane da al‟amuranta. Wannan yana }ara bayyana cewa, adabi kan bayyana yanayin al‟umma da zamantakewarta, dangane da lokaci da kuma bigire. Haka kuma lokaci ko bigire na yin tasiri a kan adabin al‟umma, amma kuma ba ya hana adabin ya zama iri ]aya, ko da kuwa za a sami „yan bambance- bambance. Wannan ya sa za a iya tarar da cewa ga wata al‟umma guda amma saboda yanayin bigire da tasirinsa, sai a sami wasu abubuwa na tunanin wasu daga cikinsu ya sauya. Allah ya albarkaci al‟ummar Hausawa da ma ta Afirka gaba ]aya, da nau‟o‟in adabin baka, wa]anda suka ha]a da wa}a da habarce, da wasan kwaikwayo da zantukan hikima da karin magana. Wannan dalili ne ya sa wannan bincike ya nazarci
tasirin bigire da yanayi a kan al‟ummar Hausawan Nijeriya da ta Nijer ta hanyar tsokaci daga habarcen tatsuniya.
Habarcen tatsuniya labari ne da ake shiryawa wanda ya }unshi bu]ewa da rufewa tare da ]uriyar Gizo a cikin wannan warwara, ko da kuwa ba a ambaci sunansa a lokacin da mawari yake gudanar da warwara ba.
Sannan kuma tatsuniya aiki ne na mawari da yake gudanar da ita domin ya saita tunanin yara masu sauraro ta amfani da taurarinsa a lokacin da yake warware zaren tatsuniyarsa.
Haka kuma tatsuniya labari ne da mawari yake aiwatar da duniyar asali da kuma duniyar mafarki ko kuma duniyar ha]aka wajen saita tunanin masu sauraron warwara, domin su iya tantace tsakanin dama da hagu a harkokin zamantakewa.
Ita kuwa kalmar habarce wadda Hausawa suka aro kusan tana da ma‟ana iri ]aya da ta asali, domin kusan daga masana hadisi da kuma masana lugga a Larabci, duk suna kallon wannan kalma da cewa tana ]aukar ba da labari a ha}i}aninsa. Saboda haka ko da Hausawa sun sauya wani abu na asalin kalmar tana tafiya da ma‟anarta na asali, watau labari ne ake ba da wa na baka ko rubutacce.
Kalmar habarce kuwa tana nufin labari }ir}irarre wanda ake bayar da shi da baka ko a rubutacce, sai dai ba kawai labari ba, ya kasance labari ne na ha}i}a, wanda mai magana ke furtawa, sannan labarin ya iya bayyana ha}i}anin kan shi ga mai sauraro.
A wannan bincike an yi nazari ne, a kan abin da ya shafi zube a adabin baka na Hausa. Habarcen baka a adabin baka na Hausa, wanda ya ha]a da tatsuniya da almara da hikaya da karin magana da kandamin labari da }issa da sauransu. Kuma binciken ya mai da hankali ne a kan irin bambancin da tatsuniyoyin al‟ummomin suke tattare da shi.
Habarcen Hausa fitaccen fage ne a adabin baka na Hausa. Ita kuwa tatsuniya tana ]aya daga cikin manyan rassan habarce, irin su almara da hikaya da }issa da tarihihi da sauransu. {asar Hausa kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka abu guda ce, idan ana maganar }asar Hausa, ana maganar abin da ya shafi Arewacin Nijeriya da kuma Kudancin Jumhuriyar Nijer ne.
1.2 Manufar Bincike
Manufar wannan aiki ita ce, fito da yadda ake samun jituwar tunani, a tsakanin al‟ummar Hausawan Nijeriya da ta Nijer, duk da kasancewar zamansu a }ar}ashin mulkin mallaka mabambanta irin na Birtaniya da na Faransa.
Haka kuma nazarin ya kwatanta jigo, da zubi da taurari da salo da yanayin tatsuniyoyin Nijerya da Nijer.
A }arshe ana sa ran a gwada siffofin tatsuniya ta Nijeriya da ta Nijer ta fuskar kwatanci ta yadda mai nazari zai iya tantancesu.
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Item Type: Ph.D Material | Attribute: 348 pages | Chapters: 1-5
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