ABSTRACT
This research examines the theme of propaganda in some of the contemporary Hausa songs which are composed with foreign musical instruments such as piano or guitar are inclined towards political propaganda. The songs are not concerned with political parties on their own merit but on the conduct of governance generally. The songs play a role in educating and enlightening people on how they are being governed or how they are supposed to be governed. They also tend to incite people to violence in protest against bad governance. The songs nowadays are being composed increasingly around the themes of governance, religion, economic development and inter-group relations in Nigeria. To this end, the research attempts to examine the songs with a view to show how they influence the attitude of people in relation to their political choices. Chapter one is the general introduction, it outlines the aims, the purpose, the significance, the hypothesis and the scope of the study. Chapter two focuses on the literature review related to the study. The third chapter is the research methodology. The fourth chapter examines the theme of governance, religion, economic development and inter-group relations in Nigeria. Chapter five is the concluding part and summarizes the whole work. It comprises summary, recommendations, references and appendix.
TSAKURE
Wasu daga cikin waqoqin da ake yi na zamani, wanda ake aiwatarwa da kayan kixa na zamani irin fiyano da jita, waqoqi ne na farfaganda ta siyasa. Waqoqin ba su maganar jam’iyyu amma suna magana kan yadda ake gudanar da mulki. Waqoqin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen faxakar da mutane kan yanayin yadda ake mulkinsu. Don waqoqin na qoqarin sauya tunanin jama’a, suna kira zuwa ga bore da tawaye ga shuwagabanni. Waqoqin farfaganda da ake yi a siyasance sun jivanci wasu manyan rassa guda huxu, yanayin yadda ake gudanar da mulki, da addini, sai tattalin arziqi da zamantakewa. Don haka, wannan bincike ya yi nazarin irin waxannan waqoqi don ganin yadda suke isar da saqonsu. Babi na xaya ya qunshi gabatarwa, sai manufar bincike, da dalilin bincike da kuma muhimmancinsa. Sai hashashen bincike da iyakacin bincike. Babi na biyu, bita ne a kan ayyukan da suka gabata, masu alaqa da wannan aiki. An waiwayi waqoqin farfaganda xin. An duba samuwar waqoqin fiyano na Hausa. Babi na uku, dabaru da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike. Sai babi na huxu aka kawo taqaitaccen tarihin mawaqan tare da bayanin abin da ya haifar da samuwar waqoqi na farfaganda, tare da dalilin da ya sa aka kira su waqoqin farfaganda. An yi maganar manyan rassa huxu da waqoqin nan suka yi magana a kai. An kawo yadda waqoqin suka yi maganar yanayin gudanar da mulki da addini, an yi bayanin tattalin arziqi da yanayin zamantakewar ‘yan Nijeriya. Babi na biyar ya naxe aikin duka, ya qunshi shawarwari da manazarta da rataye.
BABI NA XAYA
SHIMFIXA
1.0 Gabatarwa
Siyasa na da muhimmancin gaske ga rayuwar al’umma baki xaya, musamman idan aka lura cewa wata aba ce wadda take bai wa jama’a wata dama ta walwala da ma samun ‘yanci, idan aka kwatanta ta da mulkin soja. Siyasa na da matsayi mai girma ga kowace al’umma, saboda irin wannan matsayi nata, sai mutane suka riqa yi mata hidima iri-iri. Daga cikin hidimomin da ake wa siyasa a qasar Hausa akwai waqa, wadda za a iya cewa ta fi alfanu kuma da ake yi da manufofi kala-kala. Waqa na da muhimmanci sosai a fagen siyasa, don alfanunta da tasirinta ba zai misaltu ba, domin wata hanya ce ta isar da saqo cikin sauqi, mutane sukan zave ta domin cimma burinsu na ilmantarwa da faxakarwa da nishaxantarwa da sauran makamantan haka.
Farfaganda wani shiri ko tsari ne da ake yi da nufin canza ko sauya tunani ko wata aqida ta jama’a. A yaxa wasu labaru na gaskiya ko jita-jita domin a samu tasiri kan tunanin al’umma. Wata tsararriyar hanya ce ta yaxa ko baza wata aqida ko manufa da nufin canza tunanin jama’a kan wata manufa ko aqida.
An daxe ana amfani da waqa domin a isar da saqo da kuma yaxa manufofi a qasar Hausa. Waqa ta samu musamman rubutatta sanadiyar yaxa manufa ta addinin Musulunci. Ma’ana waqoqin qarni na sha-tara, da aka yi don yaxa addinin Musulunci. Waqoqin masu jihadi da suka yi don kira zuwa ga tafarkin Allah. Funtua (2011) ya bayyana cewa su Xangambo (2007) da Yahaya (1988) sun jaddada cewa waqoqin siyasa na Hausa sun fara samuwa tun lokacin jihadin Shehu XanFodio, misali idan aka dubi waqar Murnar Cin Birnin Alqalawa da waqar Yaqin Kalambaina na Abdullahi Fodio. Baya ga waxannan waqar Tsarin Mulkin Musulunci ta
Abdullahi Bn Fodio, waqa ce siyasa da ta warware komai dangane da yadda tsarin mulkin
Musulunci yake.
Baya ga waqoqin qarni na sha-tara, a qarni a ashirin an yi wasu. Kafin haka, akwai waqar Zuwan Annasara Qasar Hausa ta sarkin Musulmi Attahiru Amadu, da ya yi a farkon qarni na ashirin. Har wasu malamai na kiranta da kadarkon waqoqin qarni na sha tara da ashirin. Ita ma waqa ce da aka yi da nufin canza tunanin jama’a, don jawo hankalin mabiya kada a amince da zuwan Nasara qasar Hausa.
A lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka, an yi farfaganda sosai, don a cimma wasu manufofi. A jaridu an rubuta waqoqi na farfaganda don a nuna muhimmancin noman gyaxa, da haqar kuza, don lokacin babu maganar fetur.
An ci gaba da hidimomin siyasa, an kakkafa jam’iyyun siyasa wanda aka riqa gudanarwa yadda ya kamata. A qoqarin tabbatar da haka, an yi waqoqin farfaganda ana isar da wasu manufofi kala-kala da al’ummar qasa, musammam a lokacin yaqin neman ‘yancin kai. A lokacin an rubuta waqoqi ana wayar da kan mutane kan irin nau’in mulkin da ya kamata a yi. Su ne waqoqin su Sa’adu Zungur kamar waqar Arewa Jumhuriya Ko Mulukiya. Wasu waqoqin an yi su ne a kan zuwan Turawa da abin da suka zo da shi. Wasu waqoqin na nuna a guje wa Turawa. Wasu waqoqin kuma na’am suka yi da sabon sauyin da aka samu. Haka dai aka ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce na waqoqin farfaganda a kan jam’iyyun siyasa da sauran manufofi iri-iri.
A qasar Hausa, waqa wata hanya ce ta isar da saqo, don Hausawa sun riqe ta tun zamani mai tsawo, suna amfani da ita, suna isar da manufofinsu da saqonninsu ga jama’a. Har ya zuwa yanzu, wato lokacin nan da aka kaxa kugen siyasa, waqa abar yabo ce domin an lura cewa siyasa ba ta armashi, sai an haxa ta da waqa. Wato dai a ce waqa wata makamashi ce ta siyasa. Wasu mawaqan siyasar, suna rubuta waqoqin ne domin tallata jam’iyya da kwarzanta xan takara, yayin da wasu zambo da habaici kan zama jigogin waqoqin nasu. Wasu kuwa, yanayin da ake gudanar da mulkin ne bai gamshe su ba, sai su rubuta waqoqi na farfaganda suna ilmantar da mutane da kuma faxakar da su, kan yadda ake gudanar da mulki.
Ganin cewa waqoqin da ake yi a yanzu, waqoqi ne da zamani ya kawo waxanda ake amfani da kayan kixa na zamani irin su jita da fiyano da tasoshi wajen aiwatar da su. Sannan, waqoqi ne da suka samu karvuwa a qasar Hausa, musammam a wajen matasa, samari da ‘yan mata. Haka kuma, waqoqi ne masu mabambantan jigogi don wasu daga cikinsu suna magana ne kan soyayya, wasu yabon Annabi da sauran jigogi da dama. A irin haka ne, aka rinqa yin wasu waqoqi na farfaganda a fakaice, ana ankarar da mutane da su lura, su san in da kansu ke yi masu ciwo a kan irin nau’in mulki da ake yi. Sannan waqoqin suna bijire wa gwamnati matsawar dai ba za a yi riqo da gaskiya ba. Irin waxannan waqoqi sun yi kama da waqoqin mazan jiya, waqoqin su Sa’adu Zungur da ke farfaganda, suna faxakar da mutane kan yanayin yadda ake gudanar da mulki a wancan lokacin.
A zamanin da ake ciki, an yi waqoqi waxanda ba na jam’iyyun siyasa ba, amma kuma waqoqin suna magana kan siyasar qasa wato yadda ake tafiyar da rayuwar al’umma, yadda ake mulkin
jama’a cikin gadara ba tare da bin haqqinsu ba. Irin waqoqin suna bore da tawaye da bijire wa tsarin mulkin qasar nan. Su ne waqoqin da ake yi na farfaganda.
Irin waqoqin farfaganda da ake yi yanzu, sun xan sha bamban da waxanda suka gabata. Waxanda ake yi a da, sun fi maganar siyasa dangane da addini. Na yanzu sun fi mayar da hankali kan tattalin arziqi, da qabilanci, da yanayin zamantakewa, da addini.
Farfaganda wani fage ne wanda ba a cika ba shi muhimmanci sosai ba, ko ma a ce aikin da aka yi a kansa bai taka kara ya karya ba. Ga shi irin waxannan waqoqi na farfaganda, waqoqi ne masu muhimmancin gaske. Marubutan sukan yi nazarin abin da ke faruwa a tsakanin al’umma, sai su nuna qyamarsu, wasu kuma hanyar tafiyar da mulkin ne suke ganin ba daidai ba. Sai su rubuta waqa a kan haka, suna ankarar da mutane tare da cusa ra’ayi don a guji wannan gwamnati.
Bugu da qari, wannan bincike ya yi nazarin farfaganda a waqoqin fiyano na Hausa, waqoqin da ake yi da abin kixa irin su fiyano, da jita da wanda ba su da alaqa da jam’iyyun siyasa, amma suna magana kan siyasar qasa, masu farfaganda suna nuna tawaye ga shuwagabanni.
Daxin daxawa, ganin yadda waqa ke da muhimmanci a wajen Hausawa, shi ya sa maza da mata, yara da manya a fagen ilmi suke ta karakaina wajen nazarinta, amma nazarin waqoqi irin na farfaganda ba su samu gata ba sosai a wajen manazarta, saboda haka, a iya cewa wannan bincike
yana xaya daga cikin bincike na farko farko a wannan layi. Don haka za a yi qoqarin nazarin waqoqin don qara fito da muhimmancin da ke tattare da su.
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Item Type: Postgraduate Material | Attribute: 238 pages | Chapters: 1-5
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