ABSTRACT
The development
and evolution in technology has helped modern day smart phones and Personal
Digital Assistant (PDA)’s more refined and sophisticated. It has drastically
changed the way in which we perform our mobile transactions. The advent of
Google Wallet and QuickTeller is an indication that mobile payment system is
relevant today and more so in future. Mobile payments in recent years has
become universally evolved, it is becoming more valuable in terms of Near Field
communication (NFC), sensors, storage, and processing power that allows many
people always carry their smartphones.
The common
ubiquity of Smartphone’s and electronic payments has lead to some initiatives
for mobile payments. The motivation for this dissertation was to create a
successful Mobile Payment System (MPS) that facilitates resources management.
The goal was to describe a system that could make store contents on mobile
devices. However some mobile technologies like processor speed and battery life
are limiting factors that affect the ubiquity of the system.The novel design of
existing MPS was investigated especially targeted a latest Smartphone’s and
innovations to address some of the shortcomings. The design choice enables
stored User Interface inside the application; integration of multiple payment
cards; Virtual payment card; three factor authentication metrics.
In this
dissertation, a framework for resource management in mobile payment system was
presented, the framework
comprises of technologies such as Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Application
configuration and various networking protocols and the
architecture for financial transaction was presented. Furthermore, possible
security issues, risk and threats that might be experienced by users and the
communication channel was also revealed. In addition, the database was
created using SQLite, Android Studio software was used to develop and test the application
and extreme programming
methodology was used.
The study
concluded that the right technologies can enable proficient storage of content on client’s mobile device to facilitate
resource management. The main result of this dissertation
has established how resources can be managed for a financial transaction on a
mobile device. The framework developed enabled the implementation of an application.
The applicationshows that the right technology is available to successfully
implement the application.Consequently, this research brings to a close that
practical applications are within the realm of possibility.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
Page
Abstract
Table
of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Methodology
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Organization of Dissertation
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.0
Introduction
2.1
Overview of Payment System
2.2.1
Types of Payments
2.1.2
Major online Payment Systems
2.1.3
Determinants for Acceptance of Mobile Payment Methods
2.1.4
Risk of Mobile Payment System
2.1.5
Threats
2.1.6
Counter Measures
2.1.7
Mobile Payment Systems in Nigeria
2.1.8
Security Principles
2.1.8.1
One Time Password Algorithm
2.1.8.2
Secure element
2.2
Review of Existing Mobile Payment Systems
2.2.1
Google Wallet
2.2.2
MasterCard Paypass
2.2.3
United Bank for Africa Mobile
2.2.4
Quick Teller
2.2.5
Paga
2.2.6
M-PESA
2.3
Review of Closely Related Works
2.4
Application Framework
2.4.1
Justification of Framework
CHAPTER
THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction
3.1
Framework Design
3.2
Mobile Device Architectural Framework
3.2.1
Architectural framework for Mobile Payment Transaction
3.2.2
Payment System Architecture
3.3
System Analysis and Design
3.3.1
System Analysis
3.3.1.1
Development of the System
3.3.1.2
System Requirements Analysis
3.3.1.3
Functional Requirements
3.3.1.4
Non-Functional Requirement
3.3.1.5
Software Requirements
3.3.1.6
Hardware Requirements
3.3.2
System Design
3.3.2.1 Development Tools
3.3.2.2
Software Development Model
3.3.2.2.1
Extreme Programming
3.3.2.3
UseCase Diagram
3.3.2.4
Flowchart
3.3.2.5
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
3.3.2.6
Database Schema
3.3.2.7
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.0
Introduction
4.1
System Implementation
4.2.1
Database Design
4.2.2
Graphical User Interface
4.2.2.1
Customer Module
4.2.3.1 Register
4.2.3.2 Login/Logout
4.2.3.3
Add/Manage Payment Cards
4.2.3.4 Home/Item page
4.2.3.5 Transaction
4.2.3.6 Forgot password
4.2.3.7 History
4.2.3.8 Feedback
4.3
System Testing
4.3.1
Unit Testing
4.3.2
Integration Testing
4.3.3
System Testing
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Contribution to Knowledge
5.5 Limitation of the Study
REFERENCES
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Nowadays organizations are now very concerned in generating
ideas and strategies that will facilitate them to manage resourcesand software
practise, which is as a result to an ever-rising demand for
more computational power. Also, there
is a huge increase in the use of online transactions comprised of contemporary
e-commerce operation and millions of web queries daily from data centers which
motivate modern organizations want to invent and visualize ingenious strategies
to create value and have a competitive advantage. Organizations with smart
moves, technology and vision develop products and services that addressmanagement of resources will enjoy a competitive
edge. Murugesan, (2012).
According to a survey by San and Gangadharan(2012), the global number of Internet users
increased 444.8% between the years 2000 and 2010, and in June 2010, the global
number of Internet users reached nearly two billions, corresponding to 28.7% of
the global human population. Mobile usage of the Internet has increased its
popularity dramatically, and it has profoundly changed the way how mobile
terminals are used: in 2010, Ericsson announced measurements indicating that
mobile data surpassed mobile voice already in 2009 and the amount of mobile
data traffic is forecast to double annually over five years.
Current mobile
payment initiative utilizes storage and wireless capabilities of the mobile
device to store and communicate payment information respectively. Phones
connect to a mobile network, which allows use of SMS and mobile internet
service. The
use of mobile technology is absolutely impacting the global banking and payment
industry by providing ease of use to existing bank customers in developed
market and also offering new services to the unbanked customers in emerging
markets Sunil,(2012). Mobile payment system (MPS) is a ground-breaking
application on a mobile platform that allows a user to operate different
transactions and make payment using a mobile device. MPS allows registered
users financial transactions to be carried out anytime, anywhere via a mobile
phone and help give
customers instant access to their banks. Mobile payment usage has not witnessed
an explosive growth in Nigeria because of the fear of security and privacy; the
Biometric Verification Number (BVN) enrolment discovered that there are about
25 million Nigerians with bank account and statistics from the Nigeria
Communication commission (NCC, 2014) shows that there are about 148 Million
mobile phone subscribers. This result shows that large number of the general
public demand for more computational power using their mobile devices for
communication as well as financial transaction. Many clients could do lots of
transactions like checking account details; linking bank ATM card; bank
statements; perform transactions like funds transfer, Airtime purchase and
bills payment via MPS. All these transactions require response to queries from
the server usually comprised of the (application, Business logic, Database and
Presentation) which consequently utilizes more energy, infrastructure and
resources.
Furthermore, security of
transactions must be considered due to the incidence of criminal attacks
ranging from fraud to mischievous destruction of mobile devices. Customers
using the mobile payment system must be assured that their transactions will
satisfy data privacy and security so that no third party would have access to
their details without prior permission. Biometrics is a
strong security mechanism especially when using fingerprints, most smart phones
are embedded with optical finger print sensors for authentication and
identification which captures finger print at runtime; therefore it makes the
application more secured.
It is with this perspective
that this project attempts to design a secure mobile payment system that would
help payment system provider manage their resources and enable a
client’s have functionalities that will include the application data stored on
the clients device, the real-time compilation of the application and client
personal settings injected into the core of the clients device. Resource management in the mobile payment
system are required to minimise access to the application server to minimise
the cost of resources from the client (internet) and the service provider
(heavy work load on the server which consumes more power and produces heat and
toxics to the environment).
Hence, to minimize the maintenance cost of computing
environments, it is advisable to virtualized computing infrastructures. Cloud
Computing is a service that offers storage, infrastructure, software and
utility oriented IT services, in this context on demand resource and storage
management is a major service such an environment should warrant. It must
tolerate allocation of resources when busy or idle so as to facilitate energy
efficiency and manage contents. Resource usage reduction also concerns users
since efficient service is needed while utilizing the mobile payment system
which uses little internet connectivity to operate. An organization could
experience decrease on the costs as regards infrastructure and resources with
the espousal of the technology that handles resources. Instead of investing in
larger numbers of physical servers, it is also easier to manage storage between the
client and the server rather than have client access the server frequently and
replicate data in the cloud for storage and recovery. Therefore it is essential to ensure that the
future growth of resource management is sustainable.
Large organizations like the financial
institutions have lots of massive servers as well as numerous clients. This
yields to increase in server demands and hence more infrastructure and labour
intensive activities for the server. Usually, if the workload on an active
server is reduced then the power consumption is lower because applications and
data that are accessed frequently can be cached in mobile devices which makes
the server consume less power which aids resource management. Thus, there is a
prospect toward Optimal storage utilization, the possibility of hosting
applications and storing data on the clients device, thereby reducing the
number of reserved resources for storage and also numerous request and response
that is being sent and received to and from the server. Hence, the project is designedto
develop a framework for payment service provider to reduce accessto the server
which can be adoptable by user to meet their respective demand. Therefore, if
properly utilized, this approach can help organizations reduce the rate at
which clients have access to the application server.
The main objective of
this study is to develop a frameworkthat allows management of resources i.e.
optimal storage of some functionality on the client’s device as well as ease
the rate of access to financial payment services (servers) so as to manage
resources by reducing workload. The specific objectives are to:
1.
present a framework that enables proficient storage of content on client’s
mobile deviceto facilitate resource management and
2.
develop a securemobile payment system.
In order to achieve the set objectives for this project,
the following methodologies were adopted:
1
The interoperable framework was presented with different functional
components on the mobile device and server side. This was done after the review
of different frameworks.
2
The database for customer and transactions were created using SQLite,
and Android Studio software was used to develop and test the mobile
application.Extreme
Programming was adopted due to the fact that it focuses on providing the
highest values for customers in the fastest possible way. It was designed to
improve software quality and to provide quick response to changes in the
customers’ requirements.
This research depicts the design of a framework for mobile payment system and
the implementation of the developed framework. The study focusedon how payment system provider can
manage resources while meeting clients demand. This project work approaches
this by simply offering the opportunity to save application and data on the
client’s device. The financial transactions that were covered are limited to:
virtual card top up, funds transfer, balance inquiry, online payment to
different merchant and bills payment. The system will also enable multiple
payment cards and have a feedback section where complains can be made.
The development of a mobile
payment system framework allows the creation of having a secure and efficient mobile transaction. The
framework would enable a client’s have functionalities on the mobile
device so as to manage resources (content) which dramatically reduces the rate
at which client request for content from the server, because high utilization of servers leads to a lot
of power consumption.Thus, these results with no doubt would be very important to
all concerned sectors that come across this work.
Chapter one is the
introductory chapter of six section namely introduction, statement of the
problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, methodology and
scope of the study. Chapter two of this research explains the concepts of
resource management and payment system, review of related works, mobile payment
system in Nigeria, existing applications, and many others was revealed.
Chapter three of
this research describes the research methodology, research design, requirement
specification, system analysis, functional and non functional requirement user
requirement, and hardware requirement, the system design, flowchart, usecase
diagrams, Entity relationship diagram, sequence diagrams and database will be
revealed. Chapter four of this research discusses the implementation, analysis
and testing of the developedsystem. Finally, Chapter 5 of this work gave full
summary of the entire work, conclusions and recommendation for future works.
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