ABSTRACT
This work
focused on Teachers’ Turnover and Students’ Academic Performance in Ilorin West
Local Government Area Secondary Schools, Kwara State. The study is a
descriptive of correlational type.
Three sets
of instruments were designed to collect the data. The first instrument was
entitled: “Teachers’ Turnover Questionnaire” (TTQ), the second one was
entitled: “Students’ Academic Performance Format” (SAPF) and the third
instrument was a “Checklist on Teachers’ Turnover” (CTT). The target population
of this study consisted of 1,125 secondary school teachers in Ilorin West Local
Government Area of Kwara State. Fifteen schools were randomly selected out of
the 35 public secondary schools in the Area. The sample schools represent 42.9%
of the secondary schools available in the Area. Furthermore, simple random
sampling method was employed to select 10 teachers in each school, making a
total of 150 participants.
The research
questions raised were answered using percentage and mean scores while the
research hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Statistics at 0.05 significance level. The results revealed that there
was significant relationship between teachers’ turnover and students’ academic
performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area secondary schools, Kwara
State, because the calculated r-value (0.5379) of Pearson Product Moment
Correlation statistic is greater than the critical r-value of 0.195 at 0.05
level of significance and for 148 degrees of freedom. Hence, the null
hypothesis is rejected.
Based on
these findings, the following were recommended among others; government should
improve working conditions and welfare services for teachers such as
opportunities for car and housing loans to discourage transfer of service and
leaving teaching for other jobs by professional teachers. Furthermore,
teachers’ salaries and allowances should be paid promptly to boost the morale
of the teachers in order to reduce the turnover rate of teachers. This would
bring effectiveness into their job and consequently enhance students’ academic
performance in schools.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the
Study
Statement of the
Problem
Purpose of the
Study
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Scope of the Study
Operational
Definition of Terms
Significance of the
Study
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Importance of
Teachers in School
Concept of
Students’ Academic Performance
Professional Needs
of Nigerian Teachers
Development of
Teacher Training Education in Nigeria
Demand and Supply
of Secondary School Teachers
Teachers’ Turnover
in Secondary Schools
Empirical Studies
on Teachers’ Turnover and Students’
Academic
Performance
Appraisal of
Literature Reviewed
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Population, Sample
and Sampling Technique(s)
Instrumentation
Procedure for Data
Collection
Data Analysis
Technique
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND
RESULTS
Responses to
Research Questions
Hypothesis Testing
Summary of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of
Results
Conclusions
Recommendations
Suggestions for
further Studies
REFERENCES
Appendices
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
The place of the teacher in
formal education system is adequately underscored by the Federal Republic of
Nigeria (2004) in the National Policy on Education where it says “Teacher
Education will continue to be given a major emphasis in all our educational
planning because no educational system can rise above the quality of its
teachers.” But like every other provisions in the National Policy, the stated
intention regarding teacher education and teacher conditions of service is not
supported by concrete efforts of implementation. Like the general public,
government itself still appears to look down on teaching as the occupation
which people go into by accident rather than by design when they cannot find
anything better to do. The experience of teachers engaged in the teaching
profession tends to support this. The moment teachers today have opportunity in
any other businesses outside teaching; they tend to withdraw their service in
teaching.
It
is crystal clear that secondary education is an incontrovertibly pivot of the education
system of any developing nation like Nigeria. With the general awareness that the standard of academic achievement
of secondary school students in West African Senior Secondary School
Examinations is falling, one wonders whether the responsibility ascribed to
education as regards nation building is not a force after all. The society is
much apprehensive of this observed fall in students’ performance in the School
Certificate Examinations (SSCE) and National Examination Council (NECO). Hence,
the prevalent hues and cries about the falling standard. The falling in
standard has evoked a lot of reactions and remarks from all stakeholders in
education, even the National Assembly invited the head of National Examination
Council (NECO), Professor Dibu Ojerinde, to defend the poor results of students
in the June/ July 2009 NECO examinations.
Whereas scholars continue to
profer different solutions to curtail the problem, the government only concerns
itself with occasional fortification attempts. Among the various reasons
advanced, as the causes of the poor academic performance of students at this
level of education according to Abdulkareem (1986), are poor preparation of
primary school pupils for secondary school education, non-challant attitudes of
students to learning activities, teachers’ poor attitudes and lack of
dedication to work; inadequate staffing in the secondary schools, inadequate school
resources, inadequate parental care; overall politicization of education and
over-crowded school programmes among others.
Now that various investigations
of the problems have been carried out in the areas listed above, most
researchers did not consider the importance of teachers as the most crucial
factor next to students in any level of education. Consequently, the
suggestions and recommendations of researchers are yet to achieve the desired
impact. The situation persists unabated as secondary schools continue to turn
out mediocre unfit for employment. This situation begets the question whether
there are no other parameters influencing this phenomenon.
Other factors possibly account
for this deplorable condition of the country’s education system. While the
factors listed above have been well studied and most of them are almost
over-beaten, the effect of teachers’ turnover on students’ academic performance
as a factor of efficiency and effectiveness have received little attention from
researchers in the field of education. This has therefore attracted the
interest of this researcher to examine
whether there is any relationship between teachers’ turnover and students’
academic performance.
Statement
of the Problem
Every system and organization
always has its goals that serve as a focus for its activities. This is equally
true of educational institutions and establishments. However, the extent to
which these goals are accomplished indicates how efficient and effective the
system is in the discharge of its responsibilities.
To achieve efficient and
effective teaching and learning, the roles of the teacher cannot be
overestimated. This is because teacher is the person that holds the key to
modernization; education is viewed as the key that unlocks the door to
modernization in all its interpretations (Obayan, 2002).
For example in Kwara State
between 2007 and 2011, the percentages of teachers’ migration to other jobs was
10.4%, 13.3%, 8.3%, 9.4% and 11.9% respectively. (Abdulmutalib, 2011).
Teachers’ poor remuneration
detracts their ability from effective performance of their responsibility.
Salary is poor and motivation is low. In their attempt to augment their salary,
they give little attention to their primary responsibility. They seldom attend to the basic
classroom schedules as may appear on the time tables. While in earnest, their
attention is geared towards attending to some personal endeavours elsewhere in
a bid to provide supplement to their economic needs (Obayan, 2002)
As a result of this situation,
many teachers tend to search for more lucrative jobs, seeking transfer to
federal ministries, parastatals and private companies that pay better salary
which leads to teachers turnover in secondary schools. Other reasons include
forced retirement, deaths, moving into other professions or other countries,
ill –health and so on.
Unlike unskilled trades where
workers could leave their jobs and be replaced almost immediately without
necessary loss of resources or production, teaching is a skilled profession and
if a teacher leaves, it takes time to find an appropriate person for
replacement. This led the researcher to investigate whether or not there is any
significant relationship between teachers’ turnover and students’ academic
performance in Ilorin-West Local Government Area Secondary Schools of Kwara
State. Specifically, the study intends to find answers to the following:
(i)
The influence of teachers’ turnover on students’ academic performance;
(i)
The
influence of teachers’
dismissal on students’
academic
performance;
(iii)
The influence of teachers’
resignation on students academic performance;
(iv)
The influence of teachers’ capacity
building on students’ academic
performance.
Purpose
of the Study
The purpose of this study was
to assess the relationship between teachers’ turnover and students’ academic
performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area selected Secondary Schools of
Kwara State.
Other
purposes of the study include to determine the influence of:
1.
Teachers’ transfer on students’
academic performance
2.
Teachers’ dismissal on students’
academic performance
3.
Teachers’ resignation on students’
academic performance
4.
Teachers’ capacity building on
students’ academic performance.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions were raised to guide the study:
1.
What is the rate of teachers’
turnover in Ilorin-West Local Government Area secondary schools between
2006/2007 and 2010/2011 academic session?
2.
What is the level of students’
academic performance in Ilorin West
Local
Government Area secondary schools between 2006/2007 and 2010/2011?
3.
Does the teachers’ turnover rate
have significant impact on students’
academic
performance?
Research
Hypotheses
Based on the research problems
earlier set out, the following hypotheses were formulated for testing:
Main
Hypothesis
There is no significant
relationship between teachers’ turnover and students’ academic performance in
Ilorin-West Local Government Area secondary schools, Kwara State.
Operational
Hypotheses
Ho1:
There is
no significant relationship between teachers transfer and students academic
performance.
Ho2: There
is no significant relationship between teachers’ dismissal and students’
academic performance.
Ho3: There
is no significant relationship between teachers’ resignation and students’
academic performance.
Ho4: There is no significant relationship between
teachers’ capacity building and students’ academic performance.
Scope
of the Study
This study was conducted to
investigate the relationship between teachers’ turnover and students’ academic
performance in Ilorin-West Local Government Area Secondary Schools of Kwara
State. The target population will consist of all Senior Secondary School
teachers in Ilorin-West Local Government Area.
Two hundred and fifty teachers
were purposefully selected from randomly selected senior secondary schools in
Ilorin–West Local Government Area, Kwara State. However, for the purpose of
representativeness, 10 senior secondary schools and 250 teachers of these
schools were selected.
The indicators of teachers’
turnovers include teachers’ transfer, dismissal, resignation, death,
abscondment, protracted illness, leave for maternity, in-service training,
proceeding for further studies and teacher’s capacity building. Only four of
these indicators will be examined in this study; and they are teachers’
transfer, teachers’ dismissal, teachers’ resignation and teacher capacity
building. West African Senior Secondary Schools Certification Examination
(WASSCE) was used to determine students’ academic performance in a period of
five years, that is, 2006/2007
–
2010-2011 academic sessions.
Operational
Definition of Terms
The following terms and variables
are operationally defined for the purpose of this study.
Teachers’ Turnover: This refers to
all forms of withdrawals of teachers from the school plus the movements
within the teaching profession. These include study leave, maternity leave,
resignation, death, retirement, dismissal etc.
Teachers’ Transfer: This refers to
movement of teachers from one senior secondary school to another. That
is, movements orchestrated by the Kwara State Teaching Service Commission.
Teachers’ Resignation: It is a
situation whereby teachers formally leave the teaching profession for
other professions.
Teachers’
Dismissal: It is a situation whereby a teacher’s service is officially
withdrawn by the government on account of some grave offences. Teachers
Capacity Building: This refers to the process of enhancing the abilities
and capacities of teachers with the purpose of enhancing the quality of
learning and achievement of educational objectives through in-service training.
Academic Performance: This refers to
the average scores of senior secondary schools in West African Senior
Secondary School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) between 2006/2007 and
2010/2011.
Significance
of the Study
The study would help to guide
the Ministry of Education, and Teaching Service Commission to make necessary
policy that would reduce the rate of teachers’ wastage in secondary schools.
The study would also enable the
government at various levels and other stakeholders in education in Nigeria to
see the need to fully recognize teaching as a profession that requires special
salary scale (Teacher salary scale). The study would serve as a guide to
educational administrators in proffering solutions to the problem of teachers’
turnover in Ilorin West Local Government Area of the state.
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