ABSTRACT
This study empirically assessed
the effects of land lease market on crop production in Enugu State, Nigeria.
The specific objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of
crop farmers; identify the land tenure systems available in the study area;
identify and describe the structure and conducts of land lease market;
ascertain factors influencing land lease market; determine the influence of
land lease forms and practices adopted by farmers on their net farm income; and
identify the constraints facing farmers participation in land lease market. The
study was guided by the following null hypotheses: socio- economic
characteristics of crop farmers do not significantly affect farmers
participation in land lease market; and land lease forms adopted by farmers do
not significantly affect their net farm income. A multistage simple random
sampling technique was used in the selection of the respondents. Data for the
study were collected from a sample of 120 crop farmers whose responses were
sought on the type of land tenure systems, structure and conducts of land lease
market and constraints facing them in participating in land lease market
through the use of well structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, logit
regression model, multiple regression model and likert scale rating technique
were employed in data analysis. The study revealed that majority (63.3%) of
farmers in the study area fell within 50 years and below which is an active age
for farming activities. Educational attainments of the respondents were mostly
secondary and tertiary education. About 75% of the respondents were married and
74.2% of them were males, while 78.35% had a household size of ten persons and
less. The study further showed that 67.5% of the respondents had communal land
tenure system while 68.3% participated in other forms of land lease market with
fixed rental market being a dominant form of land lease market. Furthermore,
logit regression analysis indicated that farm size, transaction cost and
farming experience were found to have played significant role in influencing
farmers ’ participation in land lease market. Multiple regression result showed
that area of land rented, share of output, cost of input and educational level
were significant in determining the influence of land lease forms and practices
on farmers’ net farm income. High transaction cost, unavailability of land, crop
failure, distance of land from home, fear of family intervention, lack of
security, and poor land improvement were identified as the major constraints
faced by crop farmers in participating in land lease market. The study
therefore, recommended that a good tenancy system be developed to guarantee
adequate security of tenure to the occupants (the person actually cultivating
the land). This will no doubt, contribute to both agricultural development and
land resource conservation.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Information
The
land of any nation is the most valuable natural resource. It supports all human
activities and it is from it that all other economic resources are derived
(Olusola, 2011) .More still, the economies of all countries, no matter their
status are bound up with the land, for all countries exist through direct or
indirect exploitation of land in one or more forms. This assertion holds with
even more force for Nigeria where at least 70 percent of the working population
is dependent upon agriculture for their livelihood (Famoriyo, 1979).
Land
is a fundamental factor of production in the agricultural sector. It has an
essential role to play in increasing as well as sustaining agricultural
production. The extent to which this role is performed is determined in part by
methods of land acquisition and arrangements for the ownership, control and use
of land (Arua and Okorji, 1997).
In
developing countries, land can be acquired through various ways ranging from
inheritance, lease and purchase. Inheritance which is an aspect of customary
land tenure syste` m is related to family and is based on the concept of group
ownership of absolute rights in land, with individuals acquiring usufructuary
rights. Customary land rights establish the basis for access to land resources
and the opportunity to use the land for productive purposes (Famoriyo, 1980).
Under this system, each individual member of land holding family is entitled to
a portion of land enough to feed himself and members of his family. Lease on
the other hand means a contract by which one party lets land, property, etc to
another for a specified time.
Arua
and Okorji (1997) noted that the most common mode of land acquisition in
eastern Nigeria is through inheritance, followed by leasing or purchase in some
areas and pledging in
Land
becomes scarce under the impact of population growth and agricultural
commercialization. Rights in land are increasingly individualized along two
dimensions, namely the range of rights held and the extent of autonomy afforded
by the landholder in exercising these rights. Individualization along the first
dimension involves the gradual extension of use rights (for example, the
increasing recognition of the rights to plant trees and to bring other
improvements to the land) and the addition of transfer rights (Jean-Marie,
Frederie, Frank & Jean- Philippe, 1999). The right to rent out or to sell
land parcels are seriously circumscribed by the requirement that land ought to
remain within the family or lineage. At first, sales were sanctioned only among
members of the group of common descent or residence, later to outsiders with
approval of the group or its head ,still later without such consent.( Bruce
1986).
According
to John and Marcel (2001), the means of acquiring access to land are land
gifts, fixed rental and sharecropping. Gift fields are given free of any
explicit charges for an indefinite period. Gift lands are usually provided by
relatives, often parents providing land to newly married children. Although,
there is no explicit charge, many tenants contribute labour to the land owner.....
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