ABSTRACT
The main aim of
this study is to find out the Influence Of Instructional Material In Teaching
And Learning Of Social Studies In Junior Secondary School In Isi-Uzo Local
Government Area. Three specific purposes and three corresponding research
questions were raised to guide the study. The literatures related to this study
were reviewed under conceptual framework, theoretical and empirical studies.
The research design adopted for this study was survey design. The population of
the study comprised secondary school student in Isi Uzo Local Government Areawith the population of 5,366 students in 11 secondary schools in the
area. Simple random sampling technique was used to
select 388
secondary school students were selected from the selected five schools
for the sampling. The instrument used to obtain information was
structured questionnaire. The instrument used was validated by three lecturers
in the school of Education Godfrey Okoye University Enugu. The test-retest
reliability procedure of 0.75 reliability index was adopted. The data collected
were analyzed using mean. Therefore, the findings of the study showed that poor
management and maintenance of the facilities. Based on the findings, the
researcher recommended that Teachers
sees instructional materials as tools
that motivates students interest, Teachers use instructional materials to
improve students’ learning ability, Teachers sees instructional materials as
tools that helps them to manage their
classroom. Based on these, the study recommended that. Government should make funds available and
sponsor the teachers’ attendance at conferences, seminars and workshops on
social studies material resource production utilization and management.
Creative and resourceful teachers who improvise equipment’s and materials
should be rewarded and motivated adequately.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Education enhances comfortable and dignified life.
It is responsible for the holistic development of individual and society.
Education is an activity which helps students in obtaining needed information,
ability, attitude, perception (Mirunalini and Anandan, 2012). The quality of a
nation depends upon the quality of its citizens. The quality of the citizens
depends upon the quality of education planners. However, the most significant
factor is the quality of the teachers. It means that excellent and efficient
teachers can change the fate of the nation. It is in the schools, colleges and
universities that the development of the attitudes and dispositions necessary
for the progressive life in a society takes place. Education is imparted by teachers. If the teacher is capable,
energetic, mentally healthy and having positive attitude, it is well and good
for the school. Federal republic of
Nigeria ministry of education 2002) report stated. “we are convinced that the
most important factor in the contemplated educational reconstruction is the
teacher, his personal qualities, his educational qualifications, his
professional training and the place that he occupies in the community.
Social
studies are a study connected with all aspects of human beings to enable them
due a fulfilled, comfortable life. It study people in relation to the social,
academic, economic cultural, physical and psychological lives. It has to do
with all round development of human beings to enable them become useful
citizens in the society. Wesley in Kochhaar (2012) said social studies as those
presentations of social sciences selected for instructional purposes applied to
include anything pertinent to the immediate purpose of learning and adapted to
the level of comprehension of the student. Abdu- Raheen (2011) observed that
the objectives of social studies is yet to be achieved as a result of peer
teaching and lack of or inadequacy of instructional materials to motivate
students. Ofuani (2014) also attested to inadequacy of instructional materials
and resources in all the schools sampled in his study.
Instructional materials are essential and
significant tools needed for teaching and learning of school subjects to
promote teachers efficiency and improve students’ performance. They make learning
more interesting, practical, realistic and appealing. They also enable both
teachers and students to participate actively and effectively in lesson
sessions. They give room for acquisition for skills and knowledge and
development of self confidence and self actualization. Therema (2010) defined teaching aids as those
materials used in practical and demonstration in the class situation by
students and teachers. Ikerionwu (2012) defined instructional materials as neither
objects nor devices that assist the teacher to preset a lesson to the learner
in a logical manner.
In his own perspective Fudege (2015) saw
instructional materials as visual, audio- visual aids, concrete or non-
concrete, used by teachers to improve the quality of teaching and learning activities
in social studies. Agina-obue (2015) submitted that instructional materials of
all kinds appeal to the sense organs during teaching and learning Isola (2010)
also described instructional materials as objects or devices that assist the
teacher to present their lessons logically and sequentially to the learners.
Ohwagh Hunnu Abdu–Racherem (2014) acknowledged that instructional materials we
such used by teachers to aid explanations and make learning of two subject
matter understandable to the students during teaching and learning process.
Statement of the
Problem
One of the major problems facing education sector in
Nigeria is the low performance of secondary school students in both internal
and external examinations. It has become a great concern for researchers,
educators and all educational stake holders over the years. It was observed
that students usually fail in examinations owning to improper teaching methods
and lack of essential teaching aids for instructional delivery (Afolubi, 2009).
This study therefore deems it necessary to look specifically into the influence
of instructional materials in the teaching of social studies in the junior
secondary schools in Isi uzo Local Government Area Enugu. The problem of this
study therefore, what are the influences of using instructional materials in
teaching of social studies in junior secondary school in Isi uzo Local
Government Area Enugu.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to
ascertain the influence of using instructional materials in the teaching and
learning of social studies in junior secondary schools in Isi-uzo Local
Government Area of Enugu State. Specifically, the study seeks to determine:
1.
the perception of secondary school
teachers on the use of instructional materials in the teaching of social
studies in Isi-uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State.
2.
the
attitude of teachers towards utilization of instructional material in
the teaching of social studies in Isi-uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State
3.
to ascertain the ways to improve
positive attitude of teachers towards the use of instructional material in
Isi-uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State.
Significance of the Study
The following will benefit from this
work: teachers, Curriculum Planners,
Researchers and Educational Administrators.
Teachers:
It will motivate Social studies teachers to develop interest towards utilizing
suitable teaching materials that will be a possible means towards reducing failure
in the teaching and learning of social studies. Findings of this study will
help clarify among the teachers the need for continuous and regular
improvisation of suitable instructional materials for teaching and learning of social
studies.
Curriculum
Planners: Moreover, the results of this study will be of great significance to
the Social studies curriculum planners. The curriculum developers will find the
work useful in reviewing the Social studies curriculum by seriously laying
emphasis on utilization of instructional materials so as to meet up with
emerging needs of the society.
Researchers:
This study will be of immense benefit to researchers in the field of Social
studies by forming a basis for further studies on the usage of instructional
materials and teachers’ quality in order learning aspects of Social studies as
a subject.
Educational Administrators: The study
will also equip our educational administrators in the Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology (MOEST), educational test and measurement experts on the
need to provide instructional materials for teaching Social studies in our
secondary schools setting particularly in selected secondary schools and the
Isi-uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State as a whole. The study will also be
useful in educational policy making. The research will arouse instructional
educational funding agencies such as Federal Ministry of Education, Faculties
or Schools of Education, National Teachers’ Institutes as well as professional
bodies such as Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) to formulate
educational polices which may be useful in implementation of Social studies
curriculum.
Scope of the Study
The focus of this study is on influence of
using instructional materials in the teaching
and learning of social studies in junior secondary schools in Isi-uzo Local
Government Area of Enugu State.
Research Questions
In order to achieve the objectives of this study,
the following research questions were formulated to guide this study.
1.
What are the perception of secondary
school teachers on the use of instructional materials in the teaching of social
studies in Isi-uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State?
2.
What are the attitude of teachers
towards utilization of instructional material in the teaching of social studies
in Isi-uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State?
3.
What are the ways to improve the attitude of social studies teachers
towards the use of instructional material in Isi-uzo Local Government Area of
Enugu State?
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