ABSTRACT
The study on the effect of solar power aimed to examine the effect solar
power on the economy of Nigeria, to examine the effect of solar power on
poverty alleviation in Nigeria, to investigate on the factors affecting the
effective implementation of solar in most industries in Nigeria, to compare the
cost of implementation of solar power to other sources of power. The materials
for the study include: Solar photovoltaic modules, Array mounting racks, Grounding equipment,
Combiner box, Surge protection (often part of the combiner box), Inverter, system
meter and kilowatt-hour meter, Array DC, Inverter DC ,Inverter AC disconnect,
Exterior AC disconnect. The study focused on commercialization of solar energy.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The continuous growth
of scarcity of energy (both mechanical and electrical energy in Nigeria has
grown overtime); is one among the factors hampering the industrial growth and
economic progress in Nigeria.
The federal government
of Nigeria through the ministry of power have put in so much effort to fix the
problem of power instability in Nigeria; setting up of new power plant will be
heavily dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels or the
over-utilization of the available mineral resource thereby affecting the export
of crude oil and other resources in Nigeria.
It is therefore very
important to tackle the energy crises through judicious utilization of abundant
renewable energy resources such as Biomas energy, solar energy, wind energy and
geothermal energy. Apart from the effective utilization of the energy supply,
renewable resources will help Nigeria in mitigating climate change.
Solar Power a clean
renewable resource with zero emission has got tremendous potential of energy which
can be harnessed using a variety of devices. With recent developments, solar
energy systems are easily available for industrial and domestic use with the
added advantage of minimum maintenance. Solar energy could be made financially
viable with government tax incentives and rebates. Most of the developed
countries are switching over to solar energy as one of the prime renewable
energy source. The current architectural designs make provision for
photovoltaic cells and necessary circuitry while making building plans.
Recently according to
(Federal Ministry of Environment, 2013) stated that there have been several
renewable energy projects in many countries which shows clearly that renewable
energy can directly contribute to poverty alleviation by providing a
substantial amount of energy needed for creating businesses and employment
especially in rural communities that have not yet been connected to the
National grid. Several renewable energy technologies are presently being used
to supply energy for cooking, space heating, lighting, automobiles, etc. The
combination of energy efficiency, conservation, and renewable energy resources,
should allow Nigeria to meet any future increase in demand without increasing
its reliance on non-renewable resources (Federal Ministry of Environment,
2013). Solar energy can be seen as the anchor behind various forms of renewable
energy.
According to (Tyagi et
al., 2013) stated that it anchors hydro power where the hydrological cycle is
being controlled by the sun as well as Wind Power where the movement of air is
due to the heating effect of the sun on the atmosphere. In general, heat,
kinetic energy, electrical energy and chemical energy can be provided via solar
energy conversion
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
What instigated the
study on the effect of solar power is the over reliance on electricity as a
source of power. The maintenance cost of the power sector of Nigeria is really
a major clog on the wheel of the growth and development of Nigeria. Most of the
huge industries in Nigeria could not run effectively because daily consumption
of fuel, diesel etc to run most of their big machineries. The above effect is
also seen in the small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria; it is obvious
that the switch to solar energy will go a long way in solving the problems
associated with the unavailability of power from other sources such (electrical
and mechanical) but there are still some issues at hand which is the cost of
implementing the solar power by most of the small and medium scale enterprise.
Even with the developments the issue of implementation needs to be tackled.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main aim of the
research work is to examine the effect of solar power. Other specific
objectives of the study include:
1.
To examine the effect of solar power on
the economy of Nigeria
2.
To examine the effect of solar power on
poverty alleviation in Nigeria
3.
To investigate on the factors affecting
the effective implementation of solar power in most industries in Nigeria
4.
To compare the cost of implementation of
solar power to other sources of power
5.
To proffer solution to the above problem
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
The study came up with
the following research questions in order to ascertain the above stated
objectives. The research questions are stated below as follows:
The main aim of the
research work is to examine the effect of solar power. Other specific
objectives of the study include:
1.
What is the effect solar power on the
economy of Nigeria?
2.
What is the effect of solar power on
poverty alleviation in Nigeria?
3.
What are the factors affecting the
effective implementation of solar in most industries in Nigeria?
4.
Is there any difference in the cost of
implementation of solar power to other sources of power?
1.5
SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY
The study on the effect
of solar power after completion will be of immense benefit to Nigeria as a
country, the federal government of Nigeria, the power sector, the small and
medium scale enterprises and other research students that wishes to carryout
similar research on the above topic as the study will reveal the effect of the
implementation of solar power on the economy, the effect will also be seen in
the area of poverty alleviation etc.
1.6
SCOPE OF STUDY
The study on the effect
of solar energy is limited to Nigeria only as it will discuss other source of
power the country is blessed with and their effect on the economy of Nigeria.
1.7
ORGANISATION OF STUDY
This section deals with
the organization of the research work in chapters; the chapter one of the
research work will cover the background of the study, the statement of problem,
the aims and objectives of study, significance and the scope of study, the
chapter two will deal with the review of related literature on the effect of
solar power. The chapter three of the research work will cover the areas of
materials and method. The chapter four will cover the area of generation and
commercialization of solar power in Nigeria while the chapter five will cover
the summary, conclusion and possible recommendation for the research work.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SOLAR
POWER: is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using
photo-voltaic (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or
mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small
beam
BIOMASS:
is
organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source
of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials that are
not used for food or feed, and are specifically called lignocellulose biomass
GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY: is the heat from the Earth. It's clean
and sustainable. Resources of geothermal
energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock
found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the
extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma
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