Abstract
“Effects
of work- life balance to performance of employees” have become an issue to
different scholars, this made the researcher of this work to carry on a
research on the topic, with reference to Aqua-Rapha Industry. In order to
achieve a reasonable outcome based on the research, the researcher’s major
objective was to examine the effects of work life balance on the employee’s
performance. Other specified objective were to examine various Work-Life balance
practices that exist in Aqua-Rapha Industry, to identify work-Life balance
challenges faced by employees of Aqua-Rapha Industry etc. For the objective to
be achieved, the researcher made use of questionnaire and interview to obtain
information from the respondents. Textbooks, journals and newspaper were used
to obtain more ideas from other scholars and authors. The population used from
the industry were 200 respondents. The sample size were 133. The Taro-Yamene
statistical tool were used for the determination of the sample size. Tables and
simple percentage formula were used for the data analysis. through the
analysis, findings were achieve as thus: the company practice both team-building
work/exercise, work free day(s) and short-break as work-life balance in
Aqua-Rapha industry, the company
actually practice work-life balance and the practice of the of it in the
company add to productivity of Aqua-Rapha industry at a greater extent etc. based on the
findings, the researcher recommend that
If team-building work/exercise, work
free day(s) and short-break as work-life balance in Aqua-Rapha industry helps
the management to achieve the needed goals, they should continue the practice
and also apply other necessary practices in order to help them to increase in
productivity. As the researcher found that unhelpful attitude and high stress
levels are the challenges faced by
employees of Aqua-Rapha Industry the management of the company should try their
best to reduce these challenges because it may deter effectiveness and
efficiency in working morale of the employees in the organization.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
Of The Study
Work-life balance is an
important topic in both professional business practice and academic research.
Work-life balance (WLB) has become a popular research area in different fields
such as sociology, psychology, human resource management, organization studies,
and gender studies. Majority of researches on the correlation between work and
family life refers to Work Life Balance and organization policies, Work Life
Balance and organization culture, Work Life Balance and Human Resource
management, Work Life Balance and work commitment, Work Life Balance and
absenteeism, Work Life Balance and gender equality, Work Life Balance and
family life, and many more (Casper, Eby, Bordeaux, Lockwood & Lambert,
2007).
There are a number of studies examining Work Life
Balance and employees performance. On
the process of the research, it was noticed that this work life balance means
different thing to different people. For instance, Clarke, Koch and Hill (2004)
state that Work Life Balance is an “equilibrium or maintaining overall sense of
harmony in life”. Work Life Balance can also be describe as “satisfaction and
good functioning at work and at home, with a minimum of role conflict”. The
focus on the domains of work and family is vital as family and work are
regarded as the most important elements of everyone’s life, and any competing
demands from work and family life cause conflicts and negatively affect the
wellbeing of workers (Frone, 2000). Therefore, good Work Life Balance and
positive performance can be achieved when there is no role conflict, and when
people are satisfied with their work and family roles.
The literature shows that common consequences of poor Work
Life Balance are depression and distress, leading to lower productivity, poorer
work quality, higher absenteeism and staff turnover (Seligman, 2011; Hill,
2005). Work-family research has
generally been dominated by the study of family and work role interference.
However, work and family role enhancement studies seem to be growing in recent
years (Grzywacz& Marks, 2000). Work and family role interference suggests
that responsibilities in separate domains such as work and family compete with
each other in terms of limited time, psychological resources and physical
energy, which leads to negative outcomes in both areas (Greenhaus&Beutell,
1985). In contrast, work and family role enhancement suggests that
participation in multiple roles can lead to better functioning in other life
domains (Barnett & Rivers, 1996). Therefore, this study focuses on
investigating the effect of Work Life Balance on the Employees performance in
Aqua-Rapha Industry.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AQUA RAPHA INDUSTRY
The Aqua Rapha industry was established
on 15 December 2004, by its sole owner Rev. Father Ejike Mbaka. His ability to
generate money out of little or nothing and his interest in business as a whole
made him engage in small business partnership dealing on the distribution of
household goods. The owner made the feasibility study. The report is not too
far from what became the reality. The feasibility study was good, only that
there were few under and over estimations due to the on-going inflationary
trend in the country and reforms in the economic system of the country National
Agency for Food and Drugs Administration
and control (NAFDAC).
The factory is located at 9th
mile opposite Nigeria Brewery Plc in Enugu State. The factory is located in this area because
it’sproximity to the source of the raw materials for the productions. The major raw materials used in the
production of sachet/packaged water are sourced locally. The manufacturer employs the services of
different professionals in manufacturing of the packaged water.
These professional from different field/department
work together to ensure the success of desired quantities that will ensure the
company’s targets, objectives and goals. The purchasing department plays their
roles by getting all the necessary requirements for the production. The factory men will organize the raw
materials and use it in production of complete products. After production, they will communicate
stores and stores will pack those products and communicate marketing for sales
thereby realizing funds what the finance department will keep for the
enhancement of the company. The programme could have taken of long before now,
but the company has a serious financial constraint. The availability and
cheapness of the major raw materials also effected the choice of products. Aqua
Rapha industry produces packaged water.
Its product capacity is at minimum of Eight hundred and fifty (850) bags
that contains (20) sachets, per day.
Given an effective annual working period of 240 days the output is
modestly placed at 203, 760 (Two hundred and three thousand, seven hundred and
sixty) bags per year. The management of Aqua Rapha Industry focus attention on
the human side of the enterprises. In
other words the behavioural aspect of management is premium. The proprietor of Aqua Rapha Industry
believes that by rewarding workers adequately they tend to work harder and put
in their best to achieve the organization set goals.
1.2 Statement
Of The Problem
Previous
researches showed that there was lack of work flexibility, high work pressure
and longer working hours that stress out many workers in the organizations,
there is reduction of job performance and productivity as well as causing
broken homes. In the community, there is a growing concern that the quality of
home and community life is deteriorating. These have resulted to poor
employee input and performance in the work place. This is because most
employees find it difficult to properly balance family life, and also have
difficulties in managing tasks at workplace. This therefore results to poor employee
performance. Base on the research taken,
an indication shows that when people spend too many hours at work, and spend
less with their families, their health and work performance begin to
deteriorate. There are various explanations for this associated with affluence,
as lack of local resources and facilities. In addition, the pressures and
demands of work, in different which are cause by improper examination in work-
life- balance of the organization, poor identification of challenges face by
employees, improper identification of the influence of imbalance Work-Life practices on
organizational performance etc.
1.3
Objectives
of The Study
The objectives of
the study are as follows:
1.To examine various Work-Life balance practices that exists
in Aqua-Rapha Industry.
2.To identify work-Life balance challenges faced by employees
of Aqua-Rapha Industry
3.To identify the influence of imbalance Work-Life practices
on organizational performance of Aqua-Rapha Industry.
4.To identify ways of improving proper Work-Life balance
practices amongst employees of Aqua-Rapha Industry.
1.4 Research Questions
1.
What
are the various Work-Life Balance practices that exist in Aqua-Rapha Industry?
2.
What are the Work-Life Balance challenges
faced by employees of Aqua-Rapha Industry?
3.
What
are the influences of imbalance work-life practices on organizational
performance?
4.
In
what ways can proper Work-Life-Balance practices be enhanced to boost
performance in Aqua-Rapha Industry?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
1Ho: There are no existence of Work-life
Balance practices in Aqua-Rapha Industry.
Hi: There are existence of Work-life
Balance practices in Aqua-Rapha Industry.
2Ho: There are no existence of work-life balance challenges in Aqua-Rapha Industry
Hi: There are existence of work-life balance challenges in Aqua-Rapha Industry
3Ho:There are no influences of
imbalance work-life practices on organizational performance
Hi: There are influences of
imbalance work-life practices on organizational performance.
4Ho: There are no proper
Work-Life-Balance practices for boosting of performance in
Aqua-Rapha Industry.
Hi: There are proper Work-Life-Balance practices for
boosting of performance in Aqua-Rapha Industry.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study seeks to bring out the
various work-life balance practices which Aqua-Rapha Industry has undertaken to
increase its productivity and contribute its quota in the economic development
of the community where it operates.
This study will therefore help
enlighten management of various organizations of the various effects of
work-life balance practices on the performance of employees in an organization.
The study will also bring out
specifically, the work-life balance practices which the industry has been able
to make available to its employees.
It also seeks to bring out the level
of encouragement and motivation the industry has given to its employees to work
effectively, among others.
The importance of this study is
therefore to highlight the various employee work-life balance practices and how
it affects the productivity of an organization.
1.7 Scope Of The Study
The scope of the research is limited
to Aqua-Rapha Industry 9th Mile Corner Enugu. The study would rely
on the industry’s for vital information as well as other information from
secondary sources.
1.8
Limitations Of The Study
1
The researcher encountered a limitation in regards to availability of
information. Thus due to the industry’s working ethics, the researcher could
not get access to vital information since it was treated as confidential.
2.
The researcher
experienced poor response from the respondents and it lead to the delay of the
work.
3.
The targeted respondent’s number
was not attained since some employees were on leave.
4.
Inadequate funds and availability of time also became a limitation
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