ABSTRACT
The
main aim of this study is to find out role of citizenship education towards controlling
human trafficking in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area. four specific purposes and four corresponding
research questions were raised to guide the study. The literatures related to
this study were reviewed under conceptual framework, theoretical and empirical
studies. The research design adopted for this study was survey design. The
population of the study comprised the secondary school students in Ehime Mbano
Local Government Area with the population of 15,675 students in 15 secondary
schools in the area. Simple random
sampling technique was used to select 385 secondary schools students were
selected from the selected five schools for the sampling. The instrument used
to obtain information was structured questionnaire. The instrument used was
validated by three lecturers in the school of Education Godfrey Okoye
University Enugu. The test-retest reliability procedure of 0.75 reliability
index was adopted. The data collected were analyzed using mean. Therefore, the
findings of the study showed that role of
citizenship education which are Establishing a community education program for
the prevention of child abuse and trafficking, Develop awareness raising and
educational courses about Hiv and Aids and human trafficking, Train community
leaders regarding the manipulation of religious practice in human trafficking.
Based on these, the study recommended that Special
adult education program may be initiated to cover those parents who remain
illiterate and ignorant. There is a need to train teachers in modern
methodologies of teaching. Special emphasis may be given to for treating the
children in a civilized and nice way.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Citizenship
Education according to Obiadi (2018) is the type of education which teaches what it
entails to be a citizen of a community, his responsibilities in the
society, his
limitations and the fundamental rights he is supposed to
enjoy as
enshrined in the Constitution. It is about enabling people
to make their own decisions and
to
take responsibility for their own lives
and their communities and also teaches why it is important for one
to be patriotic to the country and love his countrymen so
that unity, progress and stability will be realized.
Citizenship education
helps
learners to
develop self-confidence and successfully deal with significant life
changes and
challenges such as bullying and discrimination; gives them a voice
in the
life of their schools, in their communities and in society at large;
enables them to
make positive contributions
by developing the expertise and experience needed to claim their
rights and
understand their responsibilities; helps to produce motivated and responsible
learners, who
relate positively to each other, to staff and to the surrounding
community; helps
to create an active and responsible citizenry, willing to
participate in
the life of the nation and the wider world and play its part in the
democratic process;
and among others, prepares them for the challenges and opportunities of
adult and
working life Okonkwo (2011).
Education comes from the latin world “Educare” which means
to “draw out”. Education is a process which is viewed as an instrument for
transmitting cultural heritage from elders to young ones. In this process, one
learns a trade or skill. Education can also be considered as a tool to be used
for the interrogation of individuals into the society to achieve self
realization, develop consciousness, promote unity and strive for social
economic, scientific, cultural and technological process. With these meaning of
education, it is a sure tool in curbing human trafficking
and also to create awareness in every human trafficking
and there is dignity in realizing your dream and being educated will help you
to attain any status in life. Thus, the result of this study will help to solve
the problems arising from human trafficking.
Human trafficking
involves force or coercion, as well as transport, of people for the purposes of
labor and various forms of exploitation. Yet, this issue does not get the
public attention necessary to combat the problem from local to global levels
despite the many individuals and organizations working to address human
trafficking, and despite the growth in the field of human trafficking research
(Laczko, 2015). Roth (2014) illustrated the importance of the media in bringing
attention to this social issue. In Thailand, a variety of NGOs operate with a
variety of purposes including, but not limited to education and rehabilitation
of rescued victims of trafficking as well as work to prevent exploitation of
at-risk populations (Arnold & Bertone, 2007; Asia Watch, 1993; Beyrer &
Stachowiak, 2003; Delaney, 2006). Human trafficking, as a field of research, is
in its early stages, and connections to other disciplines have only begun to be
established in the literature (Laczko, 2005). However, attention to the subject has
rapidly grown in recent years garnering an increase in research, policy and
practice.
Estimates of the size and scope of the issue are unreliable, in part due to the hidden nature of human trafficking. Human trafficking has numerous dimensions, including historical, political, economic, and social aspects that need to be explored in depth in order to more fully understand this complex topic.
Estimates of the size and scope of the issue are unreliable, in part due to the hidden nature of human trafficking. Human trafficking has numerous dimensions, including historical, political, economic, and social aspects that need to be explored in depth in order to more fully understand this complex topic.
Human
trafficking is an ugly fact of our society that is prevalent even today. Human
trafficking is a world-wide problematic issue. Over the years, it has
metamorphose into frig teeming growth rate, having reached its peak and without
showing sign of reduction in parts of Africa, Eastern, Europe, the Caribbean’s
and Latin American countries. It is crucial to note that the increase on the
cases of human trafficking in Nigeria is due to the undaunted efforts of the
operators and profiteers of the business who are quick to cite unprecedented
poverty and the near absence of the basic necessities of life as their driving
force.
Human trafficking has brought poor reputation in the country. Our main economic
problem is human trafficking, since we began on the path of nationhood or
society. The main obstacle for striding bodily on this path has been the human
trafficking problem because of unemployment. As a result of this, there has
been for the past few years’ steady drift away of young men into other
countries. This has the chain result of our society being left under populated
or underdeveloped.
Secondly, Nigeria has
been bedeviled by myriad of problem most of the problems can be attributed to
the pervasiveness of some of the ills that hamper the attainment of the
development of the society. As a result of ills that currently hampers the
development of the country; human trafficking has become widespread and now
occupies a preeminent position among the ills that pervade the Nigerian
society. While it may appear that the problem seem endemic in Imo State, there
are indications that no parts of the country is immune from this social malaise
that has ravaged many communities. The International Labour Organization (ILO)
recently estimated that over 12 million Nigerian children are engaged in human
labour James (2010). The survey also estimated that over 10, 000 Nigerian are
engaged in prostitution in Italy which constitutes in the Italian sex market.
Most of these women and girls are initially trafficked victims many people
especially women and children are lured with the promise of good jobs and
salaries and then sold into prostitution or bonded labour. Human trafficking is
considered to be modern day slavery where many children and women are
forcefully or fraudulently recruited, transported and harbored for sexual or
labour exploitation. The victims of human trafficking are usually made to
provide sex under threat and without consent. However, they are also used as
laborers to work in field and fisheries, sweep shops or as domestic helps.
Thirdly, human
trafficking is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world with
the total annual revenue for trafficking in persons, not less than two hundred
and fifty thousand persons, mostly female (i.e. 60% persons ranging from 12
years-18 years, while 40% persons above 18 years are trafficked across the
Nigerian borders yearly Ifeanyi (2011). Based on these, the study aimed to find
out the role of citizenship education towards controlling human
trafficking in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area.
Statement
of the Problems
This study as a worldwide problem,
frightens the growth rate of our economy, reducing lives of people in the world
it has also brought poor reputation to the state. Because of unemployment human
trafficking has increased particularly in Nigeria, they have gone in search for
money which has led the state to be underdeveloped. The research is designed to
view the immediate causes and effect of human trafficking in Nigeria and the
role of citizenship education in controlling human trafficking. Because people
had fail to recognize the effect it would bring to the state. The researcher
hope that this project work would assist the society both at home and in school
to reduce human trafficking.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of the
study is to find out the role of citizenship education towards controlling
human trafficking in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area. Specifically, the study
aimed to:
1.
determine
the role of citizenship education towards controlling human trafficking in
Ehime Mbano Local Government Area.
2.
determine the
effects of human trafficking among the youth.
3.
determine the causes of human trafficking on the teenagers.
4.
ascertain
the possible difficulties that the society encounters in human trafficking.
Significance
of the Study
The following will benefit from this work: ministry of education,
curriculum planner, curriculum executives, student etc.
Ministry of
education: This study will be of great importance, as it will provide
necessary information on the causes, effects and remedies to human
trafficking in Nigeria. It will also provide further research in combating trafficking in Nigeria. The study will also be useful for further purposes and for further researches into human trafficking within and outside the country.
trafficking in Nigeria. It will also provide further research in combating trafficking in Nigeria. The study will also be useful for further purposes and for further researches into human trafficking within and outside the country.
Curriculum
planner: The finding of these studies will serve as a base for curriculum
planners to include course studies in secondary and higher institution
curriculum so that undergraduates will learn the dangers of human trafficking.
Curriculum executives: they will see
the need to protect women and children against human trafficking and also
develop a holistic blueprint in stamping it out from Nigeria
Student: through this, the student
will know they right from they left on the issues related to human trafficking.
Scope
of the Study
The study aimed to
cover the role of citizenship education towards controlling human trafficking
in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area. Geographically, the study will use
schools in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions guided the study
1. What are the roles of citizenship education towards
controlling human trafficking in Ehime Mbano Local Government Area?
2. What are the effects of human
trafficking among the youth?
3.
What are the causes of human trafficking on the teenagers, adult?
What are the possible
difficulties that the society encounters in human trafficking? ================================================================
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