ABSTRACT
The
study, examine public perception of social media contribution in the fight
against corruption, the Idealistic theory, was
used in this research study, as different philosophies of
scholars review ,is noted to make this research concrete , observed to
examine , the public perception ,in Corruption, as news information is being
neglected . the magic bullet theory,
creates a strong effect in the media influence .The social media, has played an
effective role ,in disseminating and evaluating problems to fight corruption,
as the messages is sent ,through
digitization, blogging, tweeting ,etc
enable the masses, have freedom of expression, at the comfort of each
and everyone, pace. Therefore; enhancing the brand of messages,
disseminated using the Old and New
Media, very effective .The qualitative methodology, is hereby inflicted in the
study, with the aid of a secondary data collection(internet materials, journal
articles, newspaper reports and books) to obtain in-depth information and
concept clarification so as to facilitate the survey .
The study indicates, the Masses play’s significant roles ,in
curbing corruption as the perception of the audience matters towards the fight
against neglect of News information ,as a result of Entertainment ,which has
therefore affect the lifestyle of Individuals, in the Society .
The criticism of the Public towards News ,through opinions, determines the Evaluations
towards problems solving, in the society .hereby creating room for the
government, tackle the issues of Inadequate governance , excess government and maintain a mutual
understanding between the Government organization and the Public .Therefore,
through Adequate censorship , information articles should be made catchy,
interest its audience ,must be from a reliable source ,and revolve around finding solutions to
solving problems in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Chillieh,
(2013), depict the social Phenomenon known as public perception, can be seen, in the difference between an
absolute truth based on facts and virtual truth shaped by the popular opinion,
media coverage or reputation.
Expat (2013),
evaluate in Modern society ,the media is
part of the solution to the problem of “How to fight corruption.” There is no
justice ,if people can’t see what is
happening .Media fulfill the first act of justice in any society –They can help
us see what is happening ,as a tool for social justice ,it is not bound by
academic or policy definition of corruption .Like the “the man on the street”
we find out the media uses much more general understanding of corruption ,that
may be more useful for corruption fighters .when we look beyond academic or
international donor definitions, we find that the older use of the term still
applies .People consider corruption ,to include anything that contribute to the decay of the society.
Regardless of the formal criminality of the act ,someone is doing what they
should not be doing .
Media can provide awareness of the negative impact
on society and is one of the most fundamental parts of an anticorruption
strategy for society. Sometimes journalist ,editors and publishers lose their
role as a voice to inspire positive change .they lose sight of the idea
that positive change is possible
and fall into the lowest level of journalism whereby they merely try to create
any emotional reaction in the reader .
Fischhoff
(1993), examined the standard method for learning public values which include
contingent valuation and utility elicitation .The first involves posing
questions about willingness to pay, either to avoid having some condition occur
or to make it go away, once it has
occurred. This involves asking questions about the importance that the
respondent attaches to various valued attributes so as to be able to construct
a normative model of choice among outcomes, that involves different levels of the valued attributes
.Both of this approaches suffer from the difficulties that they assume that
people have well-articulated values on the question of interest and the problem
is simply one of measuring those values .
Schultze
(2009), emphasized social media as the collection of tools and Online space
,available to help individual and
business to accelerate their Information and Communications needs .The
corruption ,in Nigeria context has been
a nagging issue ,the phenomenon has defied any known definition .It is
recalcitrant’s as the character ‘abiku’
which keep reincarnating .Corruption has also defied every effort by successive
government, to put it at bay. Carrying
in sourcing News items, this has created a Broadway fight against corruption
thereby creating room for the public to freely, disseminate opinion, using the
social media, On an Event .There’re two
Mode of media ,they Include the Old Media(Radio and Television) and The New media (The Social media ) .the
purpose of the creation of the New media, which, is also referred to as
the Internet base medium of communication ,in other to share opinion on the
Internet , to a subject been discussed
at the comfort of their homes, creating opinion to a cause of event
,been discussed . sight the example of
Howpublic funds vanishes at jamb Office ,by a Snake . creating a shake on the social media, as
diverse thoughts and Idea’s were made by
public opinion of the masses, in
other to be heard ,by the public government in the society. with the Invention
of the New Media ( Face book, Twitter,
Badoo, Pintrest ) ,everyone, in the public, Is considered a source of News
,using the mass media .
University of Oslo(2018), emphasizes while
the Internet was initially used for contact with strangers, it has later become
a platform where people develop and cultivate their already existing
relationships. while most of the initial research in this field concluded with
Internet mostly having negative impacts on social life and well-being, more
recent research focusing on social networking sites like Facebook and Instagram
find that users of such sites have increased social capital, social support,
sense of community and improved well-being.Therefore ; the
conventional, Mode of communication has helped , in the effective
communications, as Nigerian’s from the rural and Urban Part ,of Nigeria easily
gain connected through a broadband Internet , throughbeing watch-dog and Nosey
for News Event Post. such news event on social media get Opinion, Known as feedback, to the government ,through comments
using the New mode of communication
,which creates Impact towards evaluation of problems in Nigeria.
Shakespare(1900),
describe the emergence of public opinion as a significant force, in the
political realm ,whereby Opinion has been regarded as having singular
importance since far Medieval Fama
publican or Vox et Fama Communis ,from great legal and social Importance from
the (12th) and (13th) century onward .William Shakespeare
called Public Opinion “the mistress of success”.One of an Institution of
central Importance. In the development of public opinion ,was the coffee-House
,London .In the (17th) century ,as charlse ii , tried to suppress,
the London coffee House ,as places where the disaffected met ,and spread
Scandalous report ,concerning conduct of the majesty and mistress ,whereby the
public flock to them. The Coffee-houses were great social Levellers ,open to
all and indifferent to social status, as a result associated with equality and
republicanism.
Binkley
(1928), Examine public opinion is deep rooted .it is found, in all field of
social thought. it perplexes Sociologist, Political theorist and Historians ,
would be rash indeed whom, should presume to present any solution to the entire
problem , it may serve some useful, purpose to
bring together in their relation
to each other various concept of public
opinion and send forth similarities and differences on the strictly theoretical
level. the problem, is a matter of combining two terms, here is one entity, an
“opinion” .here is another ,a “public”. How can such a thing as a public be
conceived as Entertaining such a thing as an Opinion ?
Nathan
Conference (1924), point out, the difficulties of defining public opinion ,were
ably set forth.Some members of the round table believed that ,there is no
such thing, as public opinion ,other
ability to define it with sufficient precision for scientific purposes ,others
gain more sanguine or perhaps more credulous ,believing that the term could be define ,but were of
different minds concerning the kind of definition that could be adopted. In
other , to reconcile this difference ,it was decided first to consider the
nature of opinion ,in general in the hope that a common understanding of the
meaning ,of public opinion would emerge from the discussion ,it was decided
that ,the essential point in the definition of opinion could be narrowed to
three structures :
*Opinion need not be the result of rational process
*It
need not include awareness of choice
*It
must be sufficiently; clear or definite to create a disposition to act upon it,
under favorable circumstances.
Nwokefor
(2016), Asked Does Public Opinion Matter ? In response, he argued that; members
of congress care about polls and press
,indicate that the public will, is relevant to their daily activities.
Yes, of course ,they are answerable In an election eventually ,but politicians
care about public support between election too. For Example: One of the major
reasons that Clinton was not removed from office after being Impeached was the
“Public will” which was against his removal. If Clinton were not popular (which
means, if he did not follow the public will on most major issues), his chance
of surviving a senate state, would have been very low. Nixon knew that and
resigned rather than face impeachment and removal from office, because the “public will” agreed that he should go.
Politicians read the newspaper and know what the public thinks-they hire staff
for that purpose . they conduct polls to further influence their decisions.
When they read the public will wrong , the press and letters from constituents
,let them know in no uncertain terms.
That the basic mechanism for how public will , becomes public policy. Yes,
politicians can take a “Principled Stance “against the public will-sometimes
the public accept that ,sometimes not. But the politicians know that they are
going against the majority opinion in those cases, and go to great length to
justify it—such as by calling it “Principled .An opinion poll, simply referred
to as a poll, survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls
are usually designed to represent the Opinion of a population by conducting
series of questions and then extrapolating generally in ratio or within
confidence Intervals.
Aim:
The
main objective of the study is to give a better understand of the roleSocial media ,play in the fight against
public neglecting News Information ,which has been a paramount issue, towards
Evaluating problems ,in Nigeria . The social media has played a vital role in stretching the
perception of the masses towards, the daily happening in Nigeria . This brand the Public attitude, Thoughts and
perception, towards News Information .
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The
social media exist to service the information needs of the society. but at the
same time, the noted problem is that most Information’s are not from a reliable
source, or is not credible . Inline with
the social responsibility role of the press. Onabajo (2002) argued that most
discussions we hold today originate their topics from broadcast media. Most
social media subscribers neglect Stories Happening in the country and are more
concerned with entertainment ,This has made Cultural Imperialism affect ,the
Nation ,as the use of smart phone ,affect
the perception ,on the way, we think ,act and Behave in our respective
Lifestyle ,in Nigeria .
Indicating
that many people , read and watch news they do not trust. Because News Information, is gotten from mistrust
Individuals, due to that fact anyone, can disseminate news Information, at any
point In time. Since reported levels of
trust in media, are relatively low it is obvious that some people will watch
news they say they do not trust while trying to filter out information,therefore
they are considered biased or untrustworthy.
The
study has been able to evaluate public perception of the influence , the social
media impact ,on the public, with the aim of fighting corruption, connecting different people in the society as
diverse thoughts is been disseminated through the media ,with the aid of
Internet, for communication .
1.3 Objectives of the
Study
The
objective of this study is to examine the following:
1.
Ascertain public perception of social media contribution in the fight against
corruption in Nigeria.
2. Examine the extent, literacy level, social
media has contributed to fight against corruption in
Nigeria .
3.
Identify the challenges hindering online
users ,over the use of Facebook .
1.4 Research Questions
1.
What is the public perception of social media contribution in the fight against
corruption in Nigeria?
2.What
extent ,literacy level social has social media contributed to fight against
corruption in Nigeria?
3.
What are the challenges online users have, over the use of facebook ?
1.5
Scope of Study
Therefore
,this study focused on Enugu-North metropolises, to examine the perception of the public on the
influence, the social media have, in the
fighting corruption in Nigeria.The study makes Nigerian’s focus more on being
Nosey and watch for news stories, without neglecting news. as the social media,
serves as medium of source of Information
towards the government in Evaluation process. this aim at , what is happening
In the society.
1.6 Significance of Study
The
study is of eminence benefit in regulating, the Use of social Media and the
Mode of new Age communication, in regularizing the use of social media and its
effect on the Masses. How ,it serve as a
weapon to the Audience ,towards combating against corruption ,as there is
freedom of expression in the public,
towards disseminating information , within and outside the Country ,using the
Social Media.
1.7
Operational definition of terms
1.
Corruption: dishonest or fraudulent conduct by
those in power, typically involving bribery. the process by which a word or
expression is changed from its original state to one regarded as erroneous or
debased.
2.
Social Media : websites
and applications that enable users to create and share content or to
participate in social networking. Computer-mediated technologies that
facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and
other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.(facebook,
twitter , Instagram, whatsapp).
3.
Influence : the
capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behaviour of
someone or something, or the effect itself. to cause someone to change a
behavior, belief, or opinion, or to cause something to be changed: Businesses
make large contributions to members of Congress, hoping to influence their votes on key
issues.
4. Public : concerning
the people as a whole, done, perceived, or existing in open view, of or
provided by the state rather than an index.
5.Perception
: the ability to see, hear, or become aware of
something through the senses. the way in which something is regarded,
understood, or interpreted.
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