ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine The Influence of Nollywood Movies on Social
Behaviour of Students in Public Secondary School in Enugu. It adopted the Survey method with the questionnaire as its
instrument of data collection. The study population was made up of the students
in Enugu North based on Post Primary Schools Management Board’s record of
population of 12,689. Using Taro Yamani’s formula as its sampling technique, a
sample size of 154 respondents was drawn from population. The study found out
that Nollywood movies do have negative influence on students and that not all
Nollywood movies is good for student’s consumption among other films. The study
therefore recommended that the producers need ethical re-orientation through
creating awareness, conference and seminars on the type films they produce.It
is advisable that the National Film and Video Censor Board (NFVCB) and other
regulatory agencies continue to review the educational curriculum of movies
training institutes in the country and the emphasis should be on the promotion
of movies that are educative and morally inclined. Also, that school
administrators, government, parents, educational psychologists, teachers and
even religious organizations should organize symposia, seminars and conferences
for the students regularly to create awareness on the influence of Nollywood
movies (negative themes) on our youths.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1.Background of the Study
Film
is an imperative aspect of social communication. Every moving image viewed on
screen conveys a meaning that is to be deciphered by the audience. As part of
mass communication, it involves the use of vision and sound (audio-visual) in
transmitting and disseminating its messages.The messages can be used in
educating, informing, entertaining and socializing its target audience.
Film
was introduced into Nigeria in the 1900’s by the British colonialists who used
it for propaganda purposes, while the church used it to spread the Gospel. The
Colonial Administration and the Church saw film not only as a medium for
entertainment but as an effective medium of communication (Akpabio 2003). The
British colonialist with the Christian missionaries used film amongst other
media to persuade Africans to accept Christianity, education and the western
culture.
The
word “Nollywood” coined following the style of Hollywood (referring to the
American film industry) and Bollywood (referring to the Indian film industry)
is the generic name for the Nigerian film industry. It grew from the rich
traditional culture of Nigeria into a supposedly modern internationally
organized industry.
Studies
show that, the Nollywood movie, “Living in bondage”, released in 1992, set the
stage for the Nigerian indigenous home movies, popularly known as Nollywood.
This industry has continued to grow and explode to greater proportion such that
it has pushed foreign media off the shelves of movie rental shops across
Nigeria and other parts of Africa. (Uwakwe, 2010).
The
concern on media Influence has led to the development of different
communication theories. This is an attempt to explain the relationship between
communication messages and their influences on the respondent.
O’Rork
(2006) and Wogu (2008) argue that audiences are more likely to emulate models
of behaviour seen on the media if they expect to receive gratification from
emulating another person. “…Behaviour is influenced not only by personal or
live models but by those presented in the mass media”. (O’Rork, 2006:72)
Analyses
on media Influence continue to show that the media have Influence on the
pattern of behaviour of its audience. (Uwakwe, 2010; Okunna, 1999 and Okoye,
1993).
Okunna
opines that because of their special power to affect the way people think, feel
and behave, the mass media have been credited with incredible persuasive
ability to change attitude and behaviour (1999). Therefore, this media influence
could be in the area of language and behaviour response.
One
of the most debated aspects of film is the extent to which violent and obscene
scenes influence societal moral conduct. However, there has been little
scientific evidence to prove casual relationships such as one between violence
exhibited in films and increase in crime rate.
From
the earliest days of the medium, adults have expressed concern about the
influence of Nollywood movies on the social behaviour of secondary school
students. Parents have shown anxiety about violence of film on secondary school
students, since at that age, a child’s social and moral adjustment or mental
health is affected.
1.2. Statement of the
Problem
Nnabuko
and Anatsui, (2012) stated thatthereappear to be an increase in violent acts
among secondary school students.Nollywood movies have been accused of
portrayingviolence, and its adverse effect on the behaviours of Nigerian youths
and the society at large are devastating. Hornby, (2000)contends that some violent
materials in movies include; Sex scenes, nudity, obscenity, vulgar language,
curses, indecent dresses, killings, murder, rape, domestic violence, smoking,
molestation and harassment. These are self-injurious in nature, and are likely
to affect the secondary school students.
In
the face of these challenges, it becomes necessary to examine how the Nollywood
movies influence the social behaviours of students in public secondary schools
in Enugu North.Such discovery is imperative since it will guide the producers
and parents where necessary especially if it is found that the influence is
negative and detrimental to Nigerian’s norms and values.
1.3.Objectives of the Study
The
study had the following objectives.
1. To
find out the extent to which secondary school students in Enugu North are
exposed to Nollywood movies.
2. To
identify the dominant type of Nollywood movies that secondary school students
in Enugu North prefer.
3. To
determine the factors responsible for their preferred contents.
4. To
determine the influence of Nollywood movies on the social behaviour of
secondary school students in Enugu North.
1.4.Research Questions
1. To
what extent are secondary school students in Enugu North exposed to Nollywood
movies?
2. What
type of contents of Nollywood movies do secondary school students of Enugu North
prefer?
3. What
factors are responsible for their preferred contents?
4. What
is the influence of Nollywood movies on the social behaviour of secondary
school students in Enugu North?
1.5. Scope of the Study
Studies
on media influence show that there are various behavioural and attitudinal
influences that could be exerted by the media viv-a-vis Nollywood films.
However,
this study restricts itself to the influence of Nollywood movies on the social
behaviour of students in public secondary schools in Enugu North. This similarity
in character makes it possible for the finding of this study to be generalized
to include all youths in Nigeria
1.6.Significance of the
Study
The finding of this
study would be of benefit to producers, youths and parents in Enugu North as
they would know which Nollywood movies affect their social behaviours.
The findings of this
study would be of immense benefit to the media organization as the knowledge
gained from these findings would help them improve the content of Nollywood
movies.
1.7.Operational Definition
of terms
Nollywood movies: The
Nigerian video film industry is known as Nollywood movies in this context which
means the video films packaged by the Nigerian Home Video Industry for home
viewing or is the name attributed to Nigeria’s movie industry. They are usually
in the video cassette format or the video compact disc format.
Violent behaviour:
Violent behaviour in this context is ‘a behavioural concept having to do with
specific reference to committing various crimes such as robbery, rioting and
breach of peace’ etc. In movies violent materials can be: Sex scenes, nudity,
obscenity, vulgar language, indecent dresses, killings, murder, rape and so on.
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