ABSTRACT
Diabetic mellitus is a
metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion , insulin
action or both . The deficiency of insulin leads to chronic hyperglycemia with
disturbances of carbohydrate , fats and
protein metabolism. Kigelia Africana
is a sausage tree known to have medicinal values. The aim of this work is to
evaluate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant capacity of the plant , methanol
leaf extract of kigelia Africana
which was used for the study. The leaves were ground into a powdered form ,
weighed and soaked with 500ml of
methanol for 72hours. It was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated using
rotary evaporator at 30 degrees centigrade. Alloxan was induced into 15 male
wister albino rats and 5 male wister albino rats were used for the normal
control group. They were grouped into four groups : group 1 which was the normal
contol group , group 2 was the diabetic rats not treated , group 3 the diabetic rats treated with the
standard drug (Glibenclamide) , group 4 diabetic rats treated with 500mg/kg
body weight of the extract of kigelia Africana orally for 14 days. The rats
were bled and their blood sample were collected and assayed for the biochemical
parameters. The result showed that there was a significant decrease (p<0.05)
inTAG for the group four which received
the plant extract compared to the normal
in group one. For total protein it showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in
the total protein level of the treated groups compared to the normal.The
results obtained in GPX study when compared to the normal control showed a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in the group four treated with the extract.An increase (p<0.05) not too significant was
observed in the test group 4 MDA treated
with the plant extract compared with other groups.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Diabetes mellitus is a
metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action
or both. Insulin deficiency in turn leads to chronic hyperglycemia with
disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism (Kumar et al., 2011). During diabetes, failure
of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by fat and muscle cause glucose
concentration in the blood to remain high, consequently glucose uptake by
insulin independent tissue increases. Increased glucose flux both enhances
oxidant production and impairs antioxidant defenses by multiple interacting
non-enzymatic, enzymatic and mitochondrial pathways. This
hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress ultimately results in modification of
intracellular proteins resulting in an altered function and DNA damage,
activation of the cellular transcription (NFK B), causing abnormal changes in
gene expression, decreased production of nitric oxide, and increased expression
of cytokines, growth factors and pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory molecules.
The plant kigelia Africanahas many medicinal properties due to the presence
of numerous secondary metabolites. These compounds include iridiods,
flavonoids, naphthoquinones and volatile constituents (Houghton,2002).
Experimentally, the plant has shown antibacterial, antifungal, antineoplastic,
analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Saini et al., 2009). Crude extracts of herbs
and spices and other materials rich in phenolics are of increasing interest in
the food industry because they retard oxidative degradation of lipids and
thereby improving the quality and nutritional value of food. Flavonoids, are
groups of polyphenoli compounds with known properties, which include free
radical-scavenging and antinflammatory activities.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Improvement has occurred in global health status in the
past century which is now a cause for celebration. Therefore, public health
professionals can feel proud of their contribution to these achievement even as
they appreciate the complexity of the underlying driving force, many of which
lie outside tradition public health work.but this satisfaction must be tempered
by emerging concerns against the recent evidence suggesting that based current
trends many low income countries are unlikely to achieve desired health target
by 2015 due to devastating disease and overwhelming failing health system.
The literature review
survey revealed that there is no experiment evidence of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of
the plant . Therefore the present work was undertaken to explore the
antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of kigelia
Africana methanol leaf extract of
the plant in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
1.3
AIM OF THE STUDY
The research is aimed
at investigating the hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential of methanol leaf
extract of kigelia Africana in
alloxan induced diabetic rats.
1.4
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Specifically to
1. Determine the effect of kigelia Africana methanol leaf extract on antioxidant enzymes.
2. Determine the effect of kigelia Africana methanol leaf extract onMDA of diabetic rats.
3. Determine the effect
of kigelia Africana methanol leaf
extract on oxidative parameters of alloxan induced diabetic rats.
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