ABSTRACT
The aim of this topic
was to determine the etopic application of disinfectants on wounds using animal
model (Albino rats), the objective of this topic was to determine the time
duration of healing on these animal models, the efficacy of the chosen
disinfectants on identified isolates from the wounds. The specimen wound were
swabbed, cultured on nutrient agar and incubated at 370C for 24
hours. The pure culture of the organisms was gram stained which reliably indicates
sterile and mixed abscesses as well as those containing pure Staphylococcus aureus. The time duration
of healing between the test control and the disinfectants showed that the test
control healed faster but was scarred while the disinfectant healed completely
within a period of seven (7) to ten (10) days. The efficacy of the chosen
disinfectants which were Dettol (a make of Reckitt Benckiser., man date: 04/18,
exp date: 04/21), izal ( a make of Nath Peters Hygeian Ltd., man date: 07/17,
exp date: 06/2020) ivy’s (a make of Gilsan manufacturing co. Ltd., man date:
05/18, exp date: 04/18) and normal saline which
showed that Dettol and Izal were effective which aided in the healing
process while Ivy and normal saline were effective but slow in the healing process.
The probable organisms identified and isolated were species of Staphylococcus
and E.coli which are responsible for
the infection on wounds of animals. It can be seen from the result that Dettol
and Izal are very effective in the treatment of wound.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Liquid disinfectants are
antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy
microorganisms that are living on the objects. The process of killing the
microbes is called disinfection which is the killing of some or all of the
pathogenic organisms that cause infection. Disinfection does not necessarily
kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacteria spores;
it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme
physical and chemical process that kills all types of life (U.S Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2016). Disinfectants are different from other
antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, which destroy microorganisms within the body,
and antiseptics,
which destroy microorganisms on living tissue.
Disinfectants are also different from biocides. The
latter are intended to destroy all forms of life not just microorganisms.
Disinfectants work by destroying the cell wall of microbes or interfering with
the metabolism.
Sanitizers are substances that simultaneously
clean and disinfect (Mid Sussex District Council 2009). Disinfectants are
frequently used in hospitals, dental surgeries, kitchens, and bathrooms to kill
infectious organisms. Bacterial endospores
are most resistant to disinfectants, but some viruses and bacteria also possess
some tolerance.
There are arguments for creating
or maintaining conditions that are not conducive to bacterial survival and
multiplication, rather than attempting to kill them with chemicals. Bacteria
can increase in number very quickly, which enables them to evolve
rapidly. Should some bacteria survive a chemical attack, they give rise to new
generations composed completely of bacteria that are resistance to particular
chemical used. Under a sustained chemical attack, the surviving bacteria in
successive generations are increasingly resistant to the chemical used, and
ultimately the chemical is rendered ineffective.
1.1 AIM
·
To determine the etopic application of disinfectants
on wounds using animal model (Albino rats)
1.2 OBJECTIVES
·
To determine the time duration of healing using
animal models
·
To determine the efficacy of the chosen
disinfectants
·
To identify the organism isolated from the
wounds
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