ABSTRACT
Vaccines are the greatest boon and achievement
of modern medicine. Assessing immunization coverage helps to evaluate progress
in achieving program objectives and in improving service delivery. This study
aimed to assess mothers’ awareness and participation in immunization. A cross
sectional descriptive design was used. This study included 200 mothers who were
visited in their homes, place of work, markets, and churches in Esan West. One
tool was utilized to collect the necessary data, a self structured
questionnaire interview sheet. It was found that 92.5% of mothers were aware of
immunization with only 7.5% who said they weren’t aware. Fully immunized
children represented 65.0% and partially immunized children stood at 35.0%.
None of the children was reported to have not received any of the vaccine. None
of the mothers with tertiary education defaulted in immunization schedule as
compared with those with no formal education, primary education, and secondary
level of education that recorded 29.0%, 20.0%, and 15.0% respectively. Majority
of the mothers who were farmers defaulted in immunization 28.0%, followed by
traders 20.0% with unemployed and students being 6.0% and10.0%. It was recorded
that 82.0% of the mothers were aware of the side effects of immunization with
18.0% that wasn’t. It was noticed that all the illiterate mothers had one
reason or the other not to complete the immunization as scheduled 64.0%
compared with educated mothers. Based on the results
of the present study, many mothers are aware of immunization and shows active
participation too. Though some mothers don’t go regularly for immunization of
their children as a result they miss due dates of vaccination. Low literacy
level of mothers is a matter of worry.
Heath workers should embark on routine education campaigns at both antenatal
andpostnatal sessions and child welfare clinics stressing the total number of
times mothers need to visit the clinic to complete the immunization and
targeting the age group 20-29 years who defaulted most in the drop out
category.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Good health is the foundation
upon which individuals and families build long, healthy lives. When unburdened
by sickness and disease, children can attend school, and their parents can
work, grow or buy food, and build a future for their families. While all
primary health services are important, perhaps the most basic and
cost-effective is childhood immunization.
Immunization against diseases such as polio,
tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis saves the lives of approximately three
million people each year. Immunization also prevents many more millions from
suffering debilitating illness and lifelong disability. It is no wonder that
many people feel that widespread access to lifesaving vaccines is one of the
greatest public health achievements of all time.
Immunization is one of the
most effective, safest & efficient Public Health Interventions .While the
impact of Immunization on childhood morbidity & mortality has been great ,
it’s full potential has yet to be reached. Thousands of children still die from
Vaccine-Preventable diseases each year.
Main reasons identified for
poor coverage includes low awareness
level and inadequacy of mothers participation in Routine Immunization . The
growth and development of children is a long term contribution of country as a
whole.
The key to attain the goal of
health for all primary health care
emphasizes on the preventive principles. One of the most cost effective
health interventions is vaccine for all infectious disease.
Immunization is a high
priority area in care of infants and children. High immunization rates have
almost eliminated many infectious diseases which used to decimate sizable of
the population for countries. A number of deadly and disabling infectious
diseases can be prevented by timely administration of vaccines when child is
effectively immunized at the right age, most of these diseases are either
entirely prevented or at least modified so that child suffer from a mild
disease without any disability.
Immunization is one of the
most effective, safest & efficient Public Health Interventions. While the
impact of Immunization on childhood morbidity & mortality has been great, full potential, has
not yet been reached. Still, Thousands of children die fromVPDs each year.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In the past, many children died before the age of 5
or before the school age due to vaccine preventable diseases like
poliomyelitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, etc,because they were not aware that
these diseases could be prevented.
Therefore the researchers
want to assess the level of awareness and participation of mothers in
immunization in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
Ø Determine
mothers’ level of awareness of immunization programmes.
Ø Examine
mothers’ level of active participation in immunization.
Ø Identify
contributing factors to lack of awareness and participation of mothers in
immunization.
Ø Suggest
measures that can be used to increase the level of awareness of mothers in
immunization.
Ø Suggest
measures that will encourage increased level of mothers participation in
immunization.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The significance of this
study is to enhance the general health of children through the education of
mothers on the importance of immunization and how beneficial it is to their
children if they actively participated in the programme. This will in turn
reduce morbidity and mortality amongst children and also aid the following
group of people;
1.
the mothers
2.
The health center
3.
The ministry of health,Edo state.
The mothers: the mothers will
be advised properly on what immunization is. The information gathered will be
of great importance in increasing the level of awareness and participations in
immunization.
The health center: the
suggestions made will be used as a source of correction measure to health
workers who in one way or the other may have contributed to th evanescence
lukewarm attitude of mothers when they bring their children for immunization
through lack of health education and follow up visit to trace defaulters.
Ministry of Health, Edo
state: the findings may serve as a clue for Edo state Ministry of Health to
make better plans in ensuring adequate provision of vaccines and training more
people in health sector to promote child immunization in Edo state.
RESEARCH QUESTION
To enable the researcher have
a guide to a successful research, the following questions were asked.
Ø What was
the level of awareness of mothers on immunization in Esan West Local Government
Area of Edo State?
Ø What was
the level of participation of mothers in immunization in Esan West Local
Government Area of Edo State?
Ø What
were the reasons for lack of mothers active participation in immunization?
Ø What measures
were suggested to increase mothers level of awareness and participation in
immunization?
Ø What
were the determinants of immunization awareness and participation of mothers in
Esan West?
HYPOTHESIS
H1 Educational level of
mothers influence their participation in immunization
H2 Occupation of mothers
influence their level of participation in immunization
SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of this study is limited
to the awareness and participation of mothers in immunization in Esan West
Local Government Area of Edo State.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
During the course of this
study, some constraints were encountered and they are considered as limitation
to the study;
1.
Material- it was difficult laying hands on
useful books and journals for this project
2.
Financial condition- financial constraint was a
major problem in printing of questionnaires, locating various health centers;
going to market squares where mothers are populated and binding the project.
3.
Road network- this was a major challenge in the
course of this research as the roads are hardly motor able hence the need for
use of motorcycles.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF
TERMS
1. Awareness: This is the ability to directly know and perceive or a
state of being conscious of something.
2. Participation: The action of taking part in something.
3. Mother: A female parent of a child.
4. Immunization: This is the
process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease,
typically by administration of a vaccine.================================================================
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