ABSTRACT
In
the for anti microbial effect the back peel of Persea americana (AVACADO) was investigated for activities . the
study was to evaluate the antimicrobial
efficacy of the crude ethanolic and
aqueous extract of the peel of Persea americana against selected clinical isolates. The agar well
diffusion method was used in study also phytochemical screening was conducted
on the plant which revealed the presences of saponin, carbohydrates, tannins
the present invention relates to
extracts from Persea americana
enriched in bioactive compounds which can be used as antimicrobial,
antibacterial or spore germinating inhibiting agents the process for obtaining
the extract is to isolate molecules and method for using the extracts enriched
in bioactive compounds for providing antimicrobial inhibiting effect.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title page
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Figure
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background to the study
CHAPTER
TWO
Literature
review
2.1 Avocado
2.2 Historical
origin of the plant
2.3 Varieties of avocado
2.4 Scientific classification of avocado pear
2.5 Cultivation
2.6 Avocado propagation
2.7 Pest and diseases affecting avocado
2.8 Harvest and post harvest of avocado
2.9 Health benefit of avocado
2.10 Chemical composition of avocado
2.10.1 Fatty acid composition
2.10.2 Phytochemicals composition
2.10.3 Pharmacological activities of avocado
2.11 Allergies
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Materials
and method
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Chemicals
and reagents
3.2 Equipments
and glass wares
3.3 Sample collection
3.4
Plants extract preparation
3.5
Test organism used for the analysis
3.6
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Medicinal
plants are plants which contains substances that can be used for therapeutic
purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. The
medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a
definite physiological action on the human body. Medicinal plant have continued
to attract attention in the global search for effective methods of using
plants’ parts(e.g. seeds, stems, leaves, roots, peel, bark etc) for the
treatment of many diseases affecting humans. Many important drugs used in
medicine today are directly or indirectly derived from plants due to its bioactive
constituents such as; alkaloids, steroids, tannins e.t.c. (Hill, 1952).
In
recent years, secondary plant metabolites previously with unknown pharmacological
activities have been extensively investigated as sources of medicinal agents.
Thus is anticipated that photochemical with adequate antimicrobial efficacy
will be use for treatment of bacterial infections.
The avocado (PerseaAmericana) belongs to the Lauraceaefamily
of tropical and Mediterranean trees and shrubs; other members of this family
include: laurel, cinnamon, safaris and green-heart (a timber of the Guiana’s).
The avocado is thought to have originated from Mexico and Central South America; for thousands of years and till
today, it has been a popular food in those places. In the mid 17th
Century, they were introduced to West Africa, Mauritius and India.
The
world is facing explosive increase in resistant strains of microorganisms. It
poses a serious challenge to primary health care in un developing countries,
with negative consequences on the economy. Antibiotics
such as penicillin and erythromycin which used to have a high efficacy against
bacteria species and strains, have become less effective, due to the increased
resistance of many bacteria.
Previous
and recent studies have shown that the leaf, back and seed extract of avocado
pear (P. americana) are rich sources
of photochemical such as saponins, steroids, alkaloids, as such a source
of (Idriset al 2010. and Ilozueet al,
2014). However information on antimicrobial effect of avocado pear peel extract
in Enugu is scanty. Therefore this works aims to determine and evaluate the
antimicrobial activity of avocado pear peel extract in Enugu.
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