Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Terrorism according to lodge is an illegitimate means of attempting to
effect political change by the indiscriminate use of violence (Lodge 1988:5).
Also Madunagu (2001:51) maintains that terrorism is “the use of violence to
achieve political objectives”. The bottom line of the above definitions is that
terrorism is an aspect of political violence. Since September 11, 2001,
multiple attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Centre and pentagon in
the United States of America, terrorism has become a House Hold discussion in
the world. Boko Haram according to Dr. Anslem Dilichukwu Omenma in one of his
presentation at Caritas University political science seminar day, is traceable
to the militia group called ECOMOG which enjoyed the patronage of top
politicians in other parts of the northern Nigeria, began to patronize the
group through budgetary allocations. The Boko Haram group has
affected Nigeria‟s economy badly most especially in the northern part.
According to a seminar
presentation in Caritas University by Dr. D.A. Omenma (H.O.D), the Boko Haram
Insurgents started as a militia group called ECOMOG, which have being sponsored
by prominent politicians in the north – eastern states of Borno and Yobe during
the build up to the 2003 general elections. Later, other politicians in other
parts of Northern Nigeria began to sponsor the group they provided them with
huge sums of money, provision of training grounds on the many mountains
scattered in the northern region as well as protection against arrests by the
Federal governments. (Omenma 2012:15).
The sects spokesman Abu Qeda in one of his confessions in 2012 stated
that the Boko Haram sect started as a fundamentalist group officially called
Ahlus Sunna Lid Dawatis Jihad but now popularly known as Boko Haram. Since the
inception of the activities of this group, Nigeria‟s security
has been threatened and it has also affected the economy.
The project is therefore
an attempt at a critical study to show how Boko Haram has affected the economy
either positively or negatively. It has been noted that Boko Haram is regarded
as terrorist group that has affected Nigeria‟s economy especially in the north,
attempts would be made to see how this sect has really affected the economy of
Nigeria and possibly recommend lasting solutions to the menace, so that the
peace and stability which the country has longed for would be achieved and
there would be an end to terrorism in Nigeria.
A cursory look around the world will reveal that for many countries
under this dispensation, have also suffered and are still suffering from
terrorist attacks. For instance, the United States of America which has lasted
for almost two hundred years since the 18th century still suffered in the hands of Osama Bin Laden before he was
finally killed in 2011. Also Israel, Pakistan and even some other countries in Africa have had
terrorist‟s attacks that have rendered peace and stability almost a mirage.
Example, Libya in 1986 was attacked by the United States of America.
In Nigeria Boko Haram snowballed into national menace after the 2011
general elections, the northern governors who had relationship with the sect
began to withdraw their patronages and eventually abandoned them to their fate.
(The Nation 2011:13). Most scholars and analysts tend to subscribe to the
opinion that terrorism is a political expression and not a criminal act. As a
result they agree that terrorist groups across the world have a common
adversary in the status quo, represented by the regime in power, the political
system of the economic system. In their view therefore, the major objective of
terrorists is to disrupt the statusquo or dismantle the regime in power so as
to impose their own values on the rest of the society......
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