ABSTRACT
This research was initiated to assess the role of citizens in community policing in Dutsin-ma Local Government Area of Katsina State. The specific objectives include: to examine the nature of crime in Dutsin-ma Local Government Area; to identify the factors that facilitate crime in Dutsin-ma Local Government Area of Katsina State; to identify the challenges of formal agencies of crime control; to assess the roles of citizens in community policing and crime prevention in Dutsin-ma; and to suggest possible ways of increasing the effectiveness of community in Dutsin-ma. The study employed the survey research design. Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 120 respondents while 12 respondents were captured for the in depth interview. The study employed the stratified random sampling technique in selecting the wards under study as well as the respondents. Findings revealed that the types of crime perpetrated in Dutsin-ma Local Government Area include burglary, armed robbery, rape and the abuse of drugs and substance. More so, findings revealed that factors such as unemployment, poverty, greed/ redundancy among youth and the use of drugs and substance facilitate crime in Dutsin-ma Local Government Area of Katsina State. Similarly, it was also revealed that the challenges of formal agencies of crime control include lack of logistics, inadequate crime control equipment and facilities in execution their duties and corruption among officers. Furthermore, it was revealed that the roles of citizens in community policing and crime prevention in Dutsin-ma include formation of vigilante groups, collaboration with formal agencies for crime control, rendering of physical, social and financial support to crime control agencies and provision of good communication network to crime control agencies. Finally, findings revealed that, there a significant relationship between the roles of citizens in community policing and extent of criminal activities within Dutsin-ma; there is a significant relationship between criminal activities and the socio-economic development of the society. Community policing can be improved in certain measures and recommendations are put in place: good means of communication/relationship with formal agencies, frequent night patrols, citizen’s participation in community decision making and awareness creation on security cautiousness.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Hypotheses of the Study
1.8 Organization of the Work
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.1.1 Concept of Community Policing
2.1.2 Concept of Citizenship
2.1.3 Concept of Crime
2.2 Types of Crime
2.2.1 Status Crime
2.2.2 Professional Crime
2.2.3 Organized Crime
2.2.4 Occupational Crime (White Collar/Corporate Crime)
2.2.5 Official Crimes (Crimes Committed by Government)
2.2.6 Victimless Crime
2.2.7 Common Crimes
2.3 Factors that Facilitates Crime
2.3.1 The Role of Early Life Experience
2.3.2 Societal or Macro Level Factors
2.3.3 Ecological Factors
2.3.4 Motivation and Opportunity
2.3.5 Biological Factors
2.3.6 Socio-Cultural Factors
2.4 Strategies of Crime Control
2.4.1 Police Personnel
2.4.2 Personnel of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and Independent Corruption and other Practices Commission (ICPC) Responsibility/ Roles of EFCC
2.4.3 Civil Defense/ Man ‘O’ War
2.4.4 Vigilantes
2.4.5Ethnic Militias
2.5 The Role of Citizens in Community Policing
2.6 Theoretical Framework
2.6.1 Functionalism
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Research Setting
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4 Sampling Procedures
3.5 Methods of Data Collection
3.6 Techniques of Data Analysis
3.7 Problems Encountered In the Field
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Section A: socio-demographic data
4.2 Section B: Respondent’s perception on the nature of crime
4.3 Section C: Respondent’s perception on the factors that facilitate crime
4.4 Section D: Respondent’s perception on the challenges of formal agencies of crime control
4.5 Section E: Respondent’s perception on the roles of citizens in community policing and crime prevention
4.6 Section: Respondent’s perception on the possible ways of increasing the effectiveness of community
4.7 Hypotheses of the study
Hypothesis I
Hypothesis II
4.8 Discussion of findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Reference
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
In the past, traditional communities have increasingly used informal remedies to compel non-offending third parties to prevent or take action or investigate crime, drug and disorder in their neighbourhood. However, today, preventing and resolving neighbourhood crime and disorder is the responsibilities of law enforcement agencies and other formal government authorities(Roehl 1998).
The importance of citizens in crime prevention and order maintenance efforts became apparent in the mid-1970s, as concerns about street crime and residential burglaries began to rise and it became obvious that the police and other security agencies could not control and prevent crime effectively. With the formation and early success neighbourhood and block watch efforts, citizens themselves realized they could do something about the local crime problems that concerned them most. Aubow and Emmons (1981) labeled this the "Community Hypothesis". Stating that neighbourhood residents could be mobilized to participate in collective crime prevention, which get residents to take greater responsibility for local problems, rebuild informal social control and reduce crime and fear of crime.
Presently, criminal activities seem to be on the increase while the police force appears to become dysfunctional despite government huge expenditure on crime control. But this dysfunctionalism or inability of the prosecutorial agent of the state to combat the crime phenomenon is usually blamed on poor numeric strength, lack of sophisticated crime control equipment, poor welfare package, poor training of personnel, lack of assistance/information from civil society, poor budgeting allocation among others. This explains why the efficiency of the police as a law enforcement agency is very much in doubt. These further stresses on the importance of citizens in community policing in preventing crime in order to compliment the efforts of the police force and other security agencies.
Community policing is a complimentary security management strategy for the prevention and control of neighbourhood crime(Monsuru and Rafiu 2016). The outcomes of the partnership between police and community however differ. Thus, the effectiveness in the way through which community policing is implemented an any given community will largely impact on the outcome of the approach whether it will be successful or not(Young & Tinsley, 1998). These partnerships are very essential because the police are only one of the agencies responsible for addressing community problems, and other agencies need to take responsibility and respond to crime prevention and problem solving in partnership with police at all level (ibid).
Community policing is anchored on a systematic relationship between the police and the entire citizenry. According to Ikuteyijo (2009), community policing entails community partnership in creating a safe andsecure environment for all.Police roles and functions are not simply law enforcement but also include tackling a huge range ofcommunity problems (Okeshola and Mudiare 2013). ================================================================
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