ABSTRACT
This work is focused on finding the impact of conflict on agricultural output in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State.The study reviewed literature that relates to the concept under study, its effect and solutions.The study also reviews three theories: Functionalism, Marxism and Human need theory.But only human need theory propounded byJohn Burton were used to back up the study.The findings in this work are gotten by administering questionnaires to respondents in the five Council Wards of Guma Local Government Area. Hundred (120) questionnaires were administered and only one hundred and five questionnaires were retrieved. This study find out that there was massive destruction of crops, farmlands and market centers during the crises between Tiv-farmers and Fulani herdsmen in Guma Local Government Area thereby resulting to hardship, hunger and starvation in the area.To prevent the incessant crises between Tiv-farmers and Fulani herdsmen Government should provide grazing land to the herdsmen.Once this is done, I strongly believe that there will be a lasting peace between Tiv-farmers and Fulani herdsmen. And this will pave way for rapid economic growth and development in the area. I appreciate the Benue State Government under the leadership of Samuel Ortom for the recently signing of the anti-open grazing bill. That is a welcome development, a step in the right direction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
List of Tables
Table of Contents
Abstract
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Study
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Definition of Terms
Chapter Two: Literature Review and Theoretical Frame Work
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General Overview of Conflict
2.3 Conflict in Nigeria
2.4 Conflict in Benue State
2.5 Causes of Conflict in Nigeria and Benue State in particular
2.6 The Effect of Conflict in Benue State
2.7 Importance of Security
2.8 Theoretical Frame work
Chapter Three: Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.2.1 The Study Area
3.2.2 Population of the Study and Sampling Techniques
3.3 Sample Size and Respondent Selection
3.4 Data Required
3.5 Sources of Data
3.6 Method of Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data Analysis
Chapter Four: Analysis And Interpretation Of Data
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Socio-Demographic Data of the Respondents
4.3 The Magnitude of Tiv-Fulani Crises on Agricultural Output in Guma Local Government Area
4.4 The Effects of the Tiv-farmers and Fulani herdsmen Crises on Farmers,Farmlands and Farmers’ incomes in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State
4.5 Measures to Curb the Menace of Conflict between Tiv-farmers and Fulani herdsmen in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State
4.6 Discussion of Major Findings
4.7 Summary of the Findings of the Study
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The average increase of global war is predominantly in the third world nations among which Nigeria is one. Since independence from Britain in 1960. Nigeria has recorded a major conflict; the civil war (Biafra war) and several intra national wars in different parts of the country. According to Aliyu(2004) ,”conflict in Nigeria is of diverse types and have been on rapid increase since after the civil war of 1967-1970.These conflict are mainly attributable to resources control and divergent, value system in the country (Olabode and Ajibade,2010).
Some of these conflicts have been characterized as crises of identity (Isa, 2001), or competition for control of political space. Alubo (2005), provides us with some examples of ethno-religious and communal conflicts thus; the Ife- Modakeke communal conflict of Oyo/Osun state in 1999,Hausa/Fulani and Kataf of ZangonKataf in Kaduna State 2000, Ijaw and Istekiris of Warri in Delta State,1999;Hausa/Fulani and Yoruba ethnic clashes in Oyo and Lagos respectively in 1999/2000; Jukun/Chamba and Kuteb, Jukun and Tiv in Taraba State, 1998/1999; (Isa,2001).More so, Nigeria in the recent times has been faced with other insecurity problems among which include; Niger Delta militant in the southern part of the country and Boko Haram insurgency in the northern part of the country. Benue state on the other hand has been faced with a lot of security challenges and of recent the herdsmen-farmers conflict.
According to Jibo et al(2001), some cases of communal crises in Benue state to include Jukun and Tiv, Ipav and Ukan, Tiv and Ibo, Masev and Idoma and the rest. Otite and Albert (1999:378) pointed out that the pursuit of access to the variety of limited resources which includes chieftaincy positions, powers, rival status, grass land, markets, water spots for animals, rival claim to land, government policies, leadership of political parties and the rest. By individuals differentiated in different categories in defined socio- physical environment give rise to conflicts.
A study of major source of conflict in Benue valley revealed that land matter accounted for the highest percentage (42.9%) of conflict followed by political (32.08%) and the chieftaincy matters (28.3%) respectively. A high percentage of conflict arising from the disputes has to do with land matters and conflict between Fulani herdsmen and Tiv farmers over grazing land. The state played a key role in the conflict of land in three (3) critical levels, viz: (1) the state inability `to address the indigene and settler phenomenon in the Nigerian constitution. The unresolved issue on grazing land and water spot that is central to the economic survival of both the herdsmen and farming communities. The Nigerian land tenure system which has had serious implication for land acquisition by peasants and the lower class.
As already noted in the paper the various conflict that ensued between Fulani herdsmen and farmers arose from the destruction by herds of cattle. Government at various levels (federal, state and local) have not address the issue of adequate provision of grazing reserve to accommodate the interest of herdsmen who are always on the move to secure food and water....================================================================
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