ABSTRACT
Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) is a multipurpose plant which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. The non-edible oil produced from the seeds is considered a potential renewable source of biodiesel. This research aims at estimating the optimum sucrose concentration for in vitro plantlet regeneration using mature zygotic embryos as explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Sucrose was employed as carbon source at concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 %. The study showed that mature zygotic embryos of J. curcashave the ability to sprout precociously in the absence of a carbon source without subsequent development. However, the addition of sucrose as carbon source led to a significant reduction in time of sprouting as well as enhanced seedling growth under all the sucrose concentrations (1 - 5 %). The highest percentage sprouting, sprouting rate, number of roots, length of roots, length of shoots, leaf area and fresh weight of plantlets were achieved in the regeneration medium with 3 % sucrose (i.e. 30 g l-1). Data obtained for sprouting and other growth parameters showed that the higher the concentration of sucrose, the greater the growth of the plantlets with 3 per cent sucrose as the optimum concentration for the parameters determined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
LIST OF PLATES
LIST OF TABLE
LIST OF FIGURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Jatropha curcas L. (Physic Nut)
2.2 In Vitro Plant Regeneration
2.3 Embryo Culture
2.4 In Vitro Propagation of Jatropha curcas (Physic Nut)
2.5 Effect of Sucrose Concentrations on Embryo Culture
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Source and Preparation of Explants for Culture
3.2 Composition and Preparation of Stocks for Murashige and Skoog Medium
3.3 Procedure for the Preparation of One Litre of Murashige and Skoog
Medium (MS) Without Sucrose for the Control (0 % Sucrose) Treatment
3.4 Preparation of Other Treatments (1 – 5 % sucrose) of MS for Culture
3.5 Establishment of Cultures and Growth Conditions
3.6 Experimental Design and Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The depletion of world petroleum reserves, oil price hikes and the increased environmental concerns have stimulated the search for alternative sources to petroleum based fuel, including diesel fuel. Biodiesel extracted from vegetable oil is one such renewable alternative under consideration. The production of biodiesel would be cheap as it could be extracted from non-edible oil sources (Openshaw, 2000; Franciset al., 2005; Chhetri et al., 2008; Dermibas, 2009).
Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut), a non-edible oil bearing and drought hardy shrub with ecological and other advantages belonging to the family Euphorbiacea, was found to be a potential renewable source of biodiesel (Raju and Ezradanam, 2002; Chhetri et al., 2008; Idu et al.,2009). In recent years, the plant has received extensive attention due to its medicinal importance and for its seed oil as a potential commercial source of biodiesel. The oil can be used as a mixed fuel for diesel/gasoline engines after transesterification (Achten et al., 2007; Abdullah et al., 2011; Ram et al., 2012). The seed or oil is not edible due to the presence of atoxic substance known as curcin (Joubert et al., 1984 and Makkar et al.,1998). The oil is conventionally used in making soaps, dyes, candles, paints, lubricants and medicinally as a purgative (Kumar and Sharma, 2000; Misra and Misra, 2010).
Conventionally, the seeds and cuttings are used for its propagation but the constraints to seed germination caused by dormancy induced by hard seed coat, poorly developed endosperm and abortion of hybrid embryos in seeds and the seasonal limitation of cuttings are the major constraints. It has also been reported that vegetative cuttings are not deep rooted and are easily uprooted as they do not form a tap root system (Sujatha and Mukta, 1996; Openshaw, 2000; Idu et al., 2009). To overcome the above mentioned difficulties in conventional methods, in vitro cultivation of the plant is the better option as it offers rapid and continuous supply of better planting materials (Sardana et al., 1998; Sathya, 2007; Ram et al., 2012). The evaluation of micropropagated J. curcas has revealed that they were at par with seed propagated plants in terms of yield and yield related traits (Sujatha and Mukta, 1996; Ahmed et al., 2012).
Plant tissue culture and micropropagation techniques play a great role in genetic conservation programs and management of botanical collection of plants in a very efficient manner (Smith, 2000; Kyesmu et al., 2004; Sathya, 2007). Embryo culture techniques can eliminate the constraints to seed germination caused by seed coat and endosperm and provide a long term storage of germplasm in a disease and insect free form (Okezie et al., 1994).
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Item Type: Project Material | Attribute: 50 pages | Chapters: 1-5
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