ABSTRACT
This project is about the Design and Construction of a
Vehicle Tracking and Accident Alert System (VTAA) using GPS and GSM Technology.
It comprises of integration between GPS receiver, microcontroller and GSM
module, and of course the push button for accident alert activation. The
combination of all this technology will produce our VTAA system. The GPS module
receive the coordinate of the point at which the system is located, controlled
by the user using command interfaces through GSM module as a transmitter and
receiver of data. This project is of two basic parts, the hardware and the
software development. The hardware development includes the GPS, Push button
and the microcontroller wiring connection, and its integration with GSM module.
The software development includes the programming of the microcontroller
(ATMEGA 8) with the source code, GSM message command, the NMEA protocol command
and Google map API achievement. This system is controlled by users with
centralized command interface through text.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO A
TRACKING SYSTEM
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.2.1 STEEPLE ANALYSIS
1.3 MOTIVATION
1.4 PROJECT AIM AND
OBJECTIVES
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
1.6 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.2 BACKGROUND
2.2.1 HISTORY OF GLOBAL
POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
2.2.2 GSM TECHNOLOGY
2.2.3 GSM MODEM
2.2.4 SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY
MODULE (SIM)
2.2.5 AIRBAG SAFETY
2.3 SURVEY OF THE RELATED
WORK
2.4 DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
USED IN TRACKING SYSTEM
2.4.1 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
TRACKING
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 METHODOLOGY
3.2 MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
3.2.1 MICROCONTROLLER
3.2.2 GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM)
3.2.3 GSM
3.2.4 POWER SUPPLY
3.3 PROCEDURES OF DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
3.4 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE
VEHICLE TRACKING AND ACCIDENT ALERT
3.5 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 TESTING, ANALYSIS OF
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1.1 HARDWARE ASSEMBLING AND
TESTING
4.2 RESULTS
4.3 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
4.3.1 PERFORMNCE ANALYSIS
USING DIFFERENT SIM
4.3.2 BENEFITS AND
APPLICATION OF VAAT SYSTEM
4.4 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
4.5 RISK MANAGEMENT
4.5.1 HACKERS
4.5.2 SURGE AND THUNDER
EFFECT
4.6 ETHICAL ISSUES
4.6.1 PRIVACY
4.6.2 DATA OWNERSHIP
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS
5.2 LIMITATIONS
5.3 FUTURE WORK
5.4 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
5.5 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
5.6 CRITICAL APPRAISAL
REFERENCES
APPENDIX|
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CHAPTER ONE
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1.0 Introduction
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to a Tracking System
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The vehicle tracking system
is a total
security and fleet
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management solution.
It is
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the
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technology used
to determine the
location of a
vehicle using
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different methods
like GPS
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and
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other navigation
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system operating
via satellite and
ground
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based stations.
Modern vehicle
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tracking system uses GPS technology to monitor and locate
our vehicle anywhere on earth, but sometimes different types of automatic
vehicle location technology are also used. The vehicle tracking system is
fitted inside the car that provides location and the data can even be stored
and downloaded to a computer which can be used for analysis in future. This
system is an essential device for tracking car any time the owner wants to
monitor it and today it is extremely popular among people having expensive
cars, used as theft prevention and recovery of the stolen car. The data
collected can be viewed via SMS [receiving the position coordinate} or on
electronic maps via internet and software.
However, the high demand of vehicles has also increased the
traffic hazards and the road accidents. Life of the people is under high risk.
This is because of the lack of best emergency facilities available in our
country. An automatic alert system for vehicle accidents is introduced in this
project. This system which can detect accidents in significantly less time and
sends the basic information to a defined contact (say next of kin and emergency
dispatch Centre) within a few seconds covering geographical coordinates, the
time and angle in which a vehicle accident had occurred. This alert message is
sent to the central emergency dispatch server in a short time so that the
emergency dispatch server will inform the ambulances which are near to that
location, which will help in saving the valuable lives.
When the accident occurs the alert message is sent
automatically to the central emergency dispatch server. The message is sent
through the GSM module and the location of the accident is detected with the
help of the GPS module. The accident can be detected precisely with the help of
vibration sensor. This application provides the optimum solution to poor
emergency facilities provided to the road accidents in the most feasible way.
The project, “Vehicle Tracking and Accident Alert System
using GPS and GSM Technology” is designed and developed to accommodate the
needs of today’s vehicle fleet company to keep track on their fleets. It is a
very useful and versatile device, and in fact it is able to be used by
A GPS-GPRS based tracking system gives all the
specifications about the location of a vehicle. The system utilizes geographic
position and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites in order
to track the movement of the vehicle. Google Maps is used for mapping the
location. The GSM modem fetches the GPS location and sends it to the server using
GPRS. The device includes modern hardware and software components that help to
track and locate automobiles both online and offline. A tracking system
comprises mainly three parts- vehicle unit, fixed based station and database
with software system (ASHUTOSH et al, 2014)
The integration of GPS and GSM was first established using
SMS as a method of transmitting GPS coordinates. The inclusion of GPRS
technology to transmit location coordinates to a remote server facilitates the
tracking of object remotely using any computer connected to the web.
A GPS tracking unit is a device that uses the Global
Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle or other
asset to which it is attached. A GPS receiver is operated by a user on Earth,
it measures the time taken by radio signals to travel from four or more
satellites to its location, it then calculates its distance from each
satellite, and from this calculation it determines the longitude, latitude, and
altitude of that position. By following triangulation or trilateration methods
the tracking system determines the location of the vehicle easily and
accurately (ASHUTOSH et al, 2014). Trilateration is a method of determining the
relative positions of objects using the geometry of triangles. To "triangulate,"
a GPS receiver accurately measures the time taken by the satellite to make its
brief journey to Earth(less than a tenth of a second) and hence measures its
distance from the satellite using the travel time of the radio signal. To
determine the distance between it and the satellite, the measured time is
multiplied by the speed of a radio wave that is 300,000 km (186,000 miles) per
second (ASHUTOSH et al, 2014). The coordinates of latitude and longitude can be
sent to the user on request via SMS, or it may be transmitted and stored in the
database, using a cellular or satellite modem that is the GSM modem embedded in
the unit. This enables the user to display the asset's location on the Google
map either in real time or later whenever the user wants the data for further
analysis.
1.1 Background
of the Project
A vehicle tracking and Accident
Alert system consists of an electronic device installed on a vehicle so that it
could be tracked by its owner or a third-party for its position. Most of
today’s vehicle tracking system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) to get an
accurate reading of the vehicle position. Communication components such as
cellular (GSM) and satellite transmitter will be combined to transmit the
vehicle’s position to remote user. Vehicle’s information can be viewed by using
software on a computer. Vehicle tracking systems are commonly used by fleet
operators for fleet management functions such as routing, dispatch, on-board
information and security.
Other applications include monitoring driving behavior, such
as an employer of an employee, or a parent with a teen driver. Vehicle tracking
systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and
retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking
system and locate the stolen vehicle. When used as a security system, a Vehicle
Tracking System may serve as either an addition to or replacement for a
traditional Car alarm. The existence of vehicle tracking device then can be
used to reduce the insurance cost, because the loss-risk of the vehicle drops
significantly.
Vehicle tracking is also useful
in many other applications such as Asset Tracking scenarios where companies
needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring purposes can
now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and
operating status. Meanwhile, in field sales mobile, the situation of sales
professionals can easily access real-time locations. For example, in unfamiliar
areas, they can locate themselves as well as customers and prospects, get
driving directions and add nearby last-minute appointments to itineraries.
Benefits include increased productivity, reduced driving time and increased
time spent with customers and prospects.
1.2 Statement of
the Problem
The global issue related to a
constantly increasing crime rate needs to be urgently addressed by both
developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, 2,000 cases of car theft in
average are reported each year in [Nairaland.com, 2011], and the number is
still increasing. If not recovered soon, stolen vehicles are generally sold,
revamped or even burned if the resale price is considered to be too low. Once a
vehicle is stolen, it becomes hard to locate it and track it, which
considerably decreases the chances of recovering it. In this work, we propose
the design and........
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