TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.4 Hypotheses
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6 Justification for the Study
CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
2.2.1 Solid Waste
2.2.2 Municipal Solid Waste
2.2.3 Waste Management
2.3 Composition and Source of Waste Generation
2.4 Solid Waste Generation
2.5 Municipal Solid Waste Management In The United Kingdom
2.5.1 Overview of MSW Composition and Management in England
2.5.2 Waste Management Strategies and Policy Objectives in England
2.6 Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries
2.6.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management in Sub-Saharan Africa
2.6.2 Municipal Solid Waste Management in South Africa
2.7 Solid Waste Management in Nigeria
2.7.1 Solid Waste Management in Niger State
2.8 Institutional and Policy Framework for Solid Waste Management in Nigeria
2.9 Health and Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste
2.10 Strategies for Educating and Raising Awareness on Solid Waste Management
2.11 Sustainable Solid Waste Management
2.12 Factors that Influence Waste Generation
2.13 Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE: THE STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Study Area
3.2.1 Location
3.2.2 Climate
3.2.3 Geology and Drainage
3.2.4 Soils and Vegetation
3.2.5 People and Occupation
3.3 Methodology
3.3.1 Reconnaissance Survey
3.3.2 Types of Data
3.3.3 Sources of Data
3.3.4 Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques
3.3.4 Instrument of Data Collection
3.3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instruments
3.3.6 Procedure for Data Collection
3.3.7 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Demographic and Socio Economic Characteristics of Respondents
4.2.1 Sex Distribution of the Respondents
4.2.2 Age Distribution of the Respondents
4.2.3 Educational Level of the Respondents
4.2.4 Occupational Distribution of the Respondents
4.2.5 Income Level of the Respondents
4.3 Types of Domestic Solid Wastes Generated in the Study Area
4.4 Domestic Solid Waste Management Strategies Employed in the Study Area
4.5 Key Players in Domestic Solid Waste Management in the Study Area
4.6 Frequency of Waste Generated and Disposed in the Study Area
4.7. The Effective Levels of the Domestic Solid Waste Management Strategies in the Study Area
4.7.1 Respondents‟ Assessment of Burning as a Domestic Solid Waste Management Strategy
4.7.2 Respondents‟ Assessment of Burying as a Domestic Solid Waste Management Strategy
4.7.3 Respondents‟ Assessment of Open Dumping as a Domestic Solid Waste Management Strategy
4.7.4 Respondents‟ Assessment of Niger State Environmental Protection Agency in Domestic Solid Waste Management
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary of Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendations
References
Appendix
ABSTRACT
Solid waste management has become the greatest problem facing many urban and semi-urban areas in Nigeria. The management of solid wastes in recent time has become a very big challenge. The problem of waste generation, handling and disposal has reached a disturbing level in Nigerian urban centers. The study analyzed domestic solid waste management strategies in Tunga, Chanchaga Local Government, Niger State, Nigeria. This was achieved through characterizing the types of domestic solid wastes generated in the study area, examining the domestic solid waste management strategies employed in the study area, identifying the key players in domestic solid waste management in the study area, examining the frequency of waste generated and waste disposed and ascertaining the effectiveness of the domestic solid waste management strategies employed in the study area. The primary data used in this study was obtained by direct field observations, questionnaire administration, oral interviews, images and photos of the study area. 327 out of 2040 households were sampled. The research questions were answered using tables of frequencies and percentages, bar and pie charts, Chi Square and Kruskal Wallis tests. The results showed that the kinds of domestic solid wastes generated in the study area were mainly organic, paper, plastic, old and rusted metals and textile wastes. The domestic solid waste management strategies in place were burning, open dumping and burying, with open dumping being the most common domestic solid waste management strategy practiced in the study area (about 72%). The key players involved in the management of solid wastes were the government and individual households. The daily generation of waste (about 74%) exceeded the daily disposal of wastes (about 49%) in the study area. 63% of the respondents reported that burning of domestic solid waste is effective, 84% reported that burying domestic solid wastes is effective while 14% reported that open dumping of domestic solid wastes is effective. The Chi Square analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of wastes generated and waste disposed in the study area with an alpha value of 0.01, while the Kruskal Wallis H test showed no significant difference in the effectiveness of the domestic solid waste management strategies in the study area (α= 0.646). The findings of this study showed that the methods of waste management adopted in the study area do not conform to sustainable waste management practices. This implies that much attention has not been given to domestic solid waste management in the study area. The study thus recommended Public Enlightenment and Education on issues of waste management and a better public awareness strategy on the subject matter, Increase in Waste Collection Frequency and the adoption of composting as a method of waste management since majority of the domestic solid waste generated is organic in nature.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Waste management is a global environmental challenging issue that is severe
especially in developing countries where increased urbanization, poor planning and lack of adequate resources contribute to the poor state of Municipal Solid waste management (Mwanthi et al, 1997). Proper management of solid waste has been established to be critical to the health and well being of urban residents (World Bank, 2013).
According to the Federal Ministry of Environment waste is any damaged or useless material produced during or left over from human activities. The United Kingdom Environmental protection Board (1990), defines waste as any substance, a scrap material or an effluent or other unwanted surplus substance arising from the application of any process.
Rushton (2010), sees waste from a different view, according to him, one person‟s waste could be another person‟s valuable material, due to changing technologies, availability and cost of input materials, the demand and need to use recovered waste is changing; waste can therefore be defined as something that nobody wants at a particular point in time and needs to be disposed of. USEPA (2006) observed that this majority of substances are municipal solid waste which includes: paper, vegetable matter, plastic, metal textiles, rubber and glass
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