ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to
analyse the appraisal of open system business policy model in the management of
mission hospitals in the South South Nigeria, the study was motivated by the
need to give possible strategies and solution through the use of open system
business policy model in the management of mission hospitals in the South South
Nigeria. The population of the study was 732 staff of the 10 selected mission
hospitals in Edo State, Delta State, River State and Cross River State in
south- south Nigeria. A sample size of 502 was determined from the population
using Taro Yamane’s formula in conjunction with two-tail test. The hypotheses
were tested using non parametric statistical technique which included: Friedman
Chi-square and Z-test. The findings reveal that the reasons for failure in
service delivery among mission hospitals in South South Nigeria are due to
abortive business policies, increasing rate of changes in technology, unhealthy
work environment and high bureaucratic difficulties (x2c
= 496.660 > x2t= 7.815, df =3 p<0.05) .There is a
significant relationship between open system business policy model and the
management of mission hospital in South South Nigeria (Zc= 372.422
> Zt= 1.96, a<0.05). That Open system model to large extents
has assisted the mission hospitals in South South Nigeria to benefit from its
environment through exchange of information, procurement of both input and
economic resources, ability to adapt to changes in the environment and
effective quality service to patients (Zc= 4.179 >Zt=
1.96, a<0.05). The appropriate means for improving quality of service to
patient among mission hospitals in South South Nigeria are adaptation of
suitable open system business policy model, enabling work environment,
implementation of constant training programs and the presence of foreign
professionals (expatriate) (x2c = 372.422 > x2t=
7.815, df =3 p<0.05). Environmental effect on quality service delivery to
patients among mission hospitals in South South Nigeria are unstable Government
policy, increasing rate of changes in technology, environmental conflict and
poor innovation (Zc= 4.186 >Zt= 1.96, a<0.05) Based
on the result of the study, the following recommendations were made: Hospital
Organizations should adopt a suitable open system business policy model that
will enable them interact properly with their environment for exchange of
information and procurement of both input and economic resources. Hospital
Management should continually implementing constant staff training programme to
improve synergy and cooperation in work place Hospital Management should
acquire the model equipment and foreign professionals (expatriate) which will
be advantageous in the production of quality of service to patients. The study
concludes that with appropriate implementation of suitable open system business
policy models and proper environmental consideration there will be effective
and improved service quality for patients among mission hospitals in South
South Nigeria, environmental prediction and adaptation, effective and improved
synergy, team spirit and cooperation in work place.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Limitations of the Study
1.9 Profile of the Selected Mission Hospitals under Study
1.10 Operational Definition of Terms
References
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.1.1 The Purpose of Policies
2.1.2 Characteristic of Business Policy
2.1.3 Element of Business Policy
2.1.4 Types of Policies
2.1.6. Implementation of Business Policy
2.1.7 Objectives of Business Policy
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Open System Model
2.2.3 Characteristics of Open Systems
2.2.4 Open Systems Management
2.2.5 Closed-System Models:
2.2.6 Business Environment
2.2.7 Characteristics of Environment
2.2.8 Classification of Environment
2.2.9 External and Internal Environment of Business
2.2.10 Classification Based on the Rate of Change
2.2.11 Nigerian Business Environment
2.2.12 Environmental Effect of Businesses
2.2.13 Types of Environment faced by Business Organizations
2.2.14 Impact of Public Policies on Businesses
2.2.15 Open systems and Environments
2.2.16 Nature and scope of hospital
2.2.17 Functions of the Hospital
2.2.18 Service Quality and Open Business Policy in Hospitals
2.2.19 Increasing Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Care
2.2.20 Challenges in the Administration of Mission Hospital
2.2.21 Human Resource Management as a Profession in Mission Hospitals
2.2.22 Role of Human Resource Management in Hospitals
2.2.23 Human Resource Requirements in Hospitals:
2.2.24 Causes for Poor Human Resource Management
2.2.25 Manpower Planning
2.2.26 Benefits of Manpower Planning
2.2.27 Objectives of Manpower Planning
2.2.28 Teamwork
2.2.29 Team-building among Health Care Professionals
2.2.30 Association among Health Care Professionals
2.3 Empirical Review
2.3 .1 Introduction
2.4 Summary of the Related Literature Review
Reference
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Sources of Data
3.4.1 Instruments for Data Collection
3.5 Population of the study
3.6 Sample Size Determination and Sample Technique
3.7 Sampling Procedure
3.8 Validity and Reliability of Instrument
3.8.1 Validity of instrument
3.8.2 Reliability of Instrument
3.9 Data Treatment Techniques
References
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Questionnaires Distribution and Response
4.2 Hypotheses Testing
4.3 Discussion of Results
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDING, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary of Major Finding
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Contribution to Knowledge
5.5 Areas for Further Research
Bibliography
Questionnaire
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.2 Background of the Study
A policy is considered the general guideline for decision making. Kalejaye, (1998) defines policy as the objectives, the mode of thought and the body of principle underlying the activities of an organization Business policy is a guide and roadmap to create awareness and direction to the management of any organization. It publicizes the rights and obligations of different rung of the ladder- horizontal and vertical-of the different capital human resource engagement, finance utilization etc. It ensures that organizations deliver better end product within a framework. It encourages, promotes and improves performance attainment in an organization. Policy provides the bedrock for vision and mission statement of the business organization along the corporate objectives and goal. Policy enables the business to be assessed and given an image by the way they carry out their responsibility along with their relationship with their clients/customers. It is the ‘barometer’ of playing by the rule and gives purpose to the strategy thrust of the organization. Business Policy defines the scope or spheres within which decisions can be taken by the subordinates in an organization (Wikipedia, 2012). It permits the lower level management to deal with the problems and issues without consulting top level management every time for decisions. It is the study of the roles and responsibilities of top level management, the significant issues affecting organizational success and the decisions affecting organization in long-run.
Tracing the history of business policy, Kazmi (2006) states that it can be traced back to 1911, when the Harvard Business School introduced an integrative course in management in view of providing general management capability. This course was based on case studies which had been in use at the School for instructional purposes since 1908 (Christensen, et. al., 1982 cited in Kazmi, 2006). However, the real impetus for introducing business policy in the curriculum of business schools (as management institutes or departments are known in the United States) came with the publication of two reports in 1959. In 1969, the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business), a regulatory body for business schools, made the course of business policy a mandatory requirement for the purpose of recognition. In the last two decades, business policy has become an integral part of management education curriculum. The practice of including business policy in the management curriculum has spread from the United States to other
Open system is a system that regularly exchanges feedback with its external environment. Open systems are systems, of course, so inputs, processes, outputs, goals, assessment and evaluation, and learning are all important. Aspects that are critically important to open systems include the boundaries and external environment. Healthy open systems continuously exchange feedback with their environments, analyze that feedback, adjust internal systems as needed to achieve the system’s goals, and then transmit necessary information back out to the environment. Hospital management open business policy provides guideline that governs the hospitals interaction with its environment. A hospital cannot operate independently without the presence of its suppliers, political cum cultural, competitors, patients and religions environment. Some of the subsystems within the hospital are the Nursing department, Laboratory department, pharmaceutics department, emergency department etc need to be highly controlled and predicted, possessing a considerable degree of self-regulation. A true open system needs to be able to cope with controllable and unexpected inputs and deal with these in predictable and contingent way (Katz 2004). (www.managementhelp.org/orgs).
Directory of Hospitals in Nigeria, 1988, states that a hospital is an institution which is operated for the medical, surgical and/or obstetrical care of in-patients and which is treated as a hospital by the Central/state/government/local body/private and licensed by the appropriate authority. Steadman’s Medical Dictionary defined hospital as an institution for the care, cure and treatment of the sick and wounded, for the study of diseases, training of doctors and nurses. Open business policy provides guideline that governs the hospitals interaction with its environment.
The product of a hospital is service to people provided by its personnel with a variety of skills. The nature of the demand for hospital services is also distinctive to the hospital-as admission to the hospital for services is rarely voluntary. The decision is made for the patient that is ill and requires services which cannot be provided at home. The patient leaves home, family, friends, his work-place and his way of life for a new environment i.e. the hospital. In this new environment, he becomes one of the many. In his home, he has a definite role. In the hospital, his role is similar to thirty or fourty others in the ward or unit in which he is a patient. If he is a patient in a multiple-bed unit and confined to bed, he is housed with strangers and carries out several intimate functions in the presence of these strangers. He is subjected to a new set of values and a new way of life. In his environment, he meets many new people, and he is expected to relate and communicate with them. On occasions, patients encounter more than thirty different hospital personnel in the room in one day, each performing different functions. A hospital deals daily with the life, suffering, recovery and death of human beings. For the direction and running of such an institution, its administrative personnel need a particular combination of....
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