THE IMPACT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND CAREER CHOICE IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF SOKOTO METROPOLIS

ABSTRACT

The research was undertaken to justify the effectiveness or otherwise of counseling services in sokoto metropolis, the research method used in this research is descriptive survey research method. The population of this research consists of students of secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis these schools consist of boarding, day and private schools. The samples of four (4) schools were selected within Sokoto metropolis and the sample of fifty (50) students were collected from each school to represent the population, the procedure used in this research was random sampling techniques. The instrument used for this research was questionnaire and the method used for analyzing data is simple percentage. Major finding of this research is that, most of the female students aspire for medical profession, we equally find out that the level of education of parents has considerably increased, this has influenced the students to aspire for higher education. We also find out that parents have no direct influence on the career choice of students. It was recommended that students shall be properly guided in making the right career choice by the authorities concerned and more female students shall be encouraged to aspire for medical profession especially in the northern Nigeria. We also recommend that school authorities shall organize various guidance and counseling activates in school resources persons shall be made to give lectures in various profession especially to final year students.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Table of content

List of Tables

List of appendices

Abstract

Chapter One: Introduction

1.0       Introduction

1.1       Background to the Study

1.2       Statement of the Problem

1.3       Objective of the Study

1.4       Research Question

1.5       Scope and Delimitation

1.6       Significance of the Study

Chapter Two: Review of Related Literature

2.0       Introduction

2.1       The need for Guidance and Counseling in Schools

2.2       The Principles of Guidance and Counseling in Schools

2.3       The Role of Guidance and Counseling Officers in Schools

2.4       Career Awareness

2.5       Concept of Career Development

2.6       Career Choice as perceived by Secondary School Students

2.7       Effect of Career choice on Secondary School Students

2.8       The need for Career Guidance in Schools

2.9       Summary and Uniqueness of the Chapter

Chapter Three: Research Methodology

3.0       Introduction

3.1       Research Design

3.2       Population of the Study

3.3       Sample and Sampling Technique

3.4       Instrumentation

3.5       Validity of the Instrument

3.6       Reliability of the Instrument

3.7       Administration of the Instrument

3.8       Method of Data Collection

Chapter Four: Presentation and analysis of Data

4.0       Introduction

4.1       Presentation and analysis of data

4.2       Summary of Major Findings

4.3       Discussion of findings

Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.0       Introduction

5.1       Summary

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendations

References

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0       Background to the Study

According to Melvin (1975), secondary school education is the engine room of knowledge acquisition, a stage at which students come in contact with various subjects, which determine the field of study they will like to pursue in higher schools secondary school education is kind of level after the primary education and before higher education. Its position in educational system also speaks of its importance. Schwarzeller (1962) see school as that which provides an outside view of what needs to happen in order for change to occur and also an equal opportunity for developing capabilities and talents.

Education reforms Nigeria always have the secondary schools as main focus. In fact, it is viewed as powerful stage for knowledge, skill and experience acquisition as well as a wide range of career prospects for young boys and girls (Ezekwesili, 2006).

It is systems that is targeted towards strengthening secondary school education and provide students with more practical knowledge that can make them self-reliant after graduation. Kutara (1977) opines that, individual differences exist among people; this has an effect on who the individuals are and what they are capable of doing. What an individual does is sometimes variance with his ability, aptitude capability and interest. Individual differences in the rate of growth, intellect, school achievement sex usually set the pace where students look at themselves in career orientation. But such factors as home, the school, the mosque, church and the community for very vital factors in the students’ environment, thus, influencing their career choice or aspirations. Other factors like parental expectation, big salary, societal prestige, personal security, good rapport with friends, changes for advancement as well as the nature of the work itself have directly or indirectly lured most student who are about to leave school into making unrealistic career choice.

Career as used in the field of counseling has a broad and technical meaning. Technically, it refers to sequence of role or a position including works, leisure and educational pursuit that may encompass a number of occupations, vocations or jobs one engages in during his working life (Seligman, 1980). According to the international Encyclopedia Britannica (1978) career is job for which it is possible to advance during their working life, so that they may get greater responsibility and earn more money.

Career can also be said to be the total life long experience of work that has come to serve as his means of earning a livelihood (Kolo, 1991). The career choice previously was not as difficult as it is today. There were fewer job opportunities and more importantly, parents, teachers and religious bodies were aware of the existing opportunities as well as requirements for entry into them. Today, the situation the dame for the fact that secondary school students hardly have full knowledge of the requirement for each job and can no longer keep track with the numerous career opportunities, it is against this background that the guidance and counseling was introduced in order to assist the secondary students in choosing a career...

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