ABSTRACT
The study examines the perceived benefits of
exercise among pregnant mothers in ikwo local government area ebonyi state and
also, the outcome of exercise among pregnant women. The study has the following
objectives; to examine the perception of pregnant women in Ikwo Local
Government Area of Ebonyi State on the benefits of exercise during pregnancy,
to examine the importance and benefits of exercise among pregnant women and to
identify the outcome of exercise among pregnant women.
Concerning methodology the study cited, the
surveys research method was used for this study. The survey technique will also
allow the researcher to examine several variables and use multivariate statistics
to analyze data for this research work. The major instrument used for this
study is the questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in a five-like
scale measuring attitude of Strongly Agreed, Agreed, Undecided, Disagree and
Strongly Disagreed. The statistical tool known as the chi- square test was
used. The use of sample percentage was also employed. Tables were also used in
presenting the data for the purpose of the simplicity and clarity. The
researcher discarded the secondary data designs so as to get new, accurate
findings and data analysis on the subject matter. Base on fining the study has the sample size
of fifty (50), Findings from the study revealed that mothers in Ikwo do not
regularly exercise. Pregnant women need regularly exercise for easy safe
delivery. Pregnant women are often advised by health professionals to regularly
exercise.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE –
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
1.2 Statement
of General Problem
1.3 Objective
of the Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5 Significance
of the Study
1.6 Scope
of the Study
1.7 Definition
of Terms
CHAPTER TWO –
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical
Framework
2.3 Conceptual
Framework
2.4 Physiological
Changes of pregnancy in Nigeria
2.5 Benefits
of Exercise to pregnancy and labor
2.6 Empirical
Review
CHAPTER THREE
– RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research
Design
3.3 Area
of the Study
3.4 Population
of Study
3.5 Sample
size and Sampling Techniques
3.6 Instrument
for Data Collection
3.7 Validity
of the Instrument
3.8 Reliability
of the Instrument
3.9 Method
of Data Collection
3.10 Method
of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR –
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Data
Presentation and Analysis
4.2 Characteristics
of the Respondents
4.3 Data
Analysis
4.4 Testing
Hypothesis
4.5 Summary
of Findings
4.6 Discussion
of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE –
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In
recent years, there has been a great increase of knowledge derived from
scientific studies regarding physical exercise during pregnancy (Mason et al,
2010). This reflects the need to clarify their effects for mother and fetus, as
some women of childbearing age report exercising and may continue their
exercise practice during pregnancy, whereas other sedentary women may start
this practice only during pregnancy.
As the
effects of healthy lifestyle are well known and supported by studies that show
it is safe for both mother and fetus, physical exercise is recommended activity
for pregnant women. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
recommends that all healthy pregnant women follow the American College of
Sports Medicine-Centers for Disease Control and Preventions general guidelines
for physical exercise by engaging in 30 min or more of moderate physical
activity per day in the majority or preferably all days of the week. Women who
were active before pregnancy may continue their activities, but change
intensity and frequency over the course of pregnancy. Other guidelines for
physical exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period have been
published, such as the Canadian guidelines for exercise during pregnancy in
2003, and the recommendations of the Royal College of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists in 2006. Some researchers argue for the necessity of
incorporating strength training and muscle conditioning, revising the
definition of moderate exercise, and increasing the amount of vigorous
intensity exercises and weekly physical activity expenditure.
Aerobic
exercise is recommended to maintain cardiovascular fitness and to help prevent
chronic diseases, apart from avoiding excessive weight gain (Valim et al, 2011).
They should involve large muscle groups in activities such as when walking or
jogging, using stationary bicycle, treadmill, swimming, water aerobics
exercises, aerobic dance, or low-impact aerobics. Regardless of the choice of
activity, it is important that women find a modality of exercise to which they
will adhere over the long term. Those exercises that increase the risk of
falling, abdominal traumas and contacts sports should be contraindicated (Valim
et al, 2011).
Recent
recommendations add strength training to the routine exercise of pregnant
women. They suggest that light strength training during second and third
trimesters does not affect newborn size or overall health. These effects have
been rarely studied, although many women looking for muscle conditioning during
pregnancy think that practices such as Pilates and yoga, circuit-type
resistance training, and weight training could be beneficial
(Artal&O’Tolle, 2003). The possible benefits of increasing strength and
stretching training are improvement in overall body strength, good posture and
body core strengthening that may contribute in labor, birth, and prevent
musculoskeletal discomforts. In addition, pelvic floor muscle strengthening is
also an important component in pregnant women’s exercise. Routine exercise is
required to reduce the prevalence of urinary incontinence. Nevertheless, there
is little evidence-based literature concerning these practices, so it should be
recommended to be careful when women plan to be engaged in these activities,
mainly when starting only during pregnancy. Attention should also be paid in
avoiding exercise in supine position during the second half of pregnancy in
order to prevent hypotension and avoid the Valsalva maneuver throughout the
pregnancy.
Previously,
sedentary women should start with 15 min of exercise three times a week and
gradually increase to 30 min four times a week at low-to moderate intensity.
Active women may keep their routine exercise or perform at least moderate-to
vigorous exercise four times a week in sessions of 30 min or more. Athletes or
women who have higher fitness status should be evaluated individually. Some
high-impact activities or sports with fall or trauma risks should be avoided,
and the intensity of exercise like running should be reduced. For all, brief
warm-up and cool-down periods should be incorporated to each session of
exercise.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In
Nigeria, there has been increased awareness about the benefits of exercise
among pregnant women. Some clinical trials have been conducted to evaluatethe
effect of exercise on maternal outcome such aslow back/pelvic pain, depression
during pregnancy and postpartum, gestational weight gain and excessive weight
gain, gestational diabetes and insulin resistance, urinary incontinence
symptoms, cardiovascular fitness, and the impact of exercise on quality of
lifeand health status perception.
Musculoskeletal
discomforts such as lower back,pelvic, and/or joint pain are common
complaintsduring pregnancy associated with the anatomicaladaptations during
pregnancy and previous risks factors. However, active women were able to better
handlethe condition. Musculoskeletal pain can also beattenuated with physical
activity in some womenwho present mild pelvic and lumbar discomfort. So, this
study is coming at the right time to assess the perception of pregnant women in
Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State on the benefits of exercise during
pregnancy.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the objectives of this study:
1. To examine the perception of pregnant women in Ikwo Local
Government Area of Ebonyi State on the benefits of exercise during pregnancy.
2. To examine the
importance and benefits of exercise among pregnant women.
3. To identify the
outcome of exercise among pregnant women.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1. What is the perception of pregnant women in Ikwo Local
Government Area of Ebonyi State on the benefits of exercise during pregnancy?
2. What is the
importance and benefits of exercise among pregnant women?
3. What is the outcome
of exercise among pregnant women?
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